We categorized each as either an animal study, laboratory study, randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT), nonrandomized controlled clinical trial (Non-RCT), prospective observational study (POS), simulator study, survey, or other. To minimize bias, the two authors reviewed alternate years' data...
To rule out potential bias due to weak IVs, the F statistic was calculated to assess the strength of the IVs (F > 10) [19]. Due to height and BMI being closely associated with PCa, they were regarded as potential confounding factors for MR analysis, and comparing the results before...
Numerous observational studies have reported a strong link between dietary habits and the risk of prostate cancer. However, these studies are susceptible to confounding factors. To address this question, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization
Results. The aggregate of the 36 RCTs included in this study analysed the healing rates of nine dressings: conventional dressing, alginate dressing, chitosan dressing, hyaluronic acid dressing, platelet-rich plasma dressing, amniotic membrane dressing, honey dressing, human recombinant growth factor ...
Interventions that involved exercise or comparators in any form will be included. Pain is the primary outcome of interest; secondary outcomes will include function and quality of life measures. Quality assessment of studies will be based on the modified Cochrane's risk of bias assessment tool. At...
We assessed network inconsistency, publication bias, and estimated for each statin the probability of being the best treatment. Considerable heterogeneity was present among the included studies. In pairwise meta-analyses, 1-year use of statins versus control reduced kidney function decline by 0.61 (...
Synthesis of all relevant studies that address a specific clinical question, include/critically analyze every study, apply scientific strategies to limit bias Meta-analysis Subset of systematic reviews, often include only randomized experiments, statistically combine data from studies to find common effect...
[16] for non-randomized studies, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) [17]. Non-randomized studies were categorized as good (15–16 points), moderate (9–14 points), or poor (≤8 points) qualities based on the scoring for non-comparative studies [...
(I2 = 29.4%), indicating that 29% of the dispersion that reflects differences in the true effect sizes, while the remaining 71% can be attributed to random sampling error. The funnel plot and Egger’s test (t = 3.95,p < 0.001) indicated potential publication bias (see ...
Unfortunately, despite the high prevalence, patients in treatment for SUD are often excluded from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PTSD treatments [10]. However, several studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of PE specifically in patients with co-occurring PTSD and ...