Numerous different types of variations can occur in DNA and have diverse effects and consequences. The Variation Ontology (VariO) was developed for systematic descriptions of variations and their effects at DNA,
Most extremophiles are prokaryotes with a high proportion of belonging to archaea, but some organisms might be eukaryotes such as protists (e.g., algae, fungi, and protozoa) and multicellular organisms. These are classified according to the conditions in which they grow: thermophiles and hyperther...
Muscular Dystrophy Causes and Risk Factors Muscular dystrophy is caused by defects in certain genes, with type determined by the abnormal gene. In 1986, researchers discovered the gene that, when defective or flawed, causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In 1987, the muscle protein associated with thi...
Darwin hypothesized that organisms of one species living in an environment all had variations. Some of those variations would be more favorable than others and allow some organisms to survive and reproduce more. Their traits would be passed on, and thus, over time, the population would change ...
(TFs) that bind to regulatory sequences; coactivators, mediators, and core transcriptional factors; and RNA polymerase II (PolII)12. Although different cell types may possess different subsets of regulatory regions, the biochemistry of protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions remains largely the...
of zein, ferments more slowly compared to wheat, whose protein matrix is mainly glutenin and ferments more rapidly [2]. Processing treatments like steam flaking can overcome the structural constraints to digestion in varying degrees, enhancing digestion of the grain [3]. Compared to dry-rolled ...
The mammalian epididymis is a highly coiled duct that links the efferent ducts to the vas deferens. Overwhelming evidence points to the importance of this tissue in transforming spermatozoa leaving the testis as immotile cells, not having the ability to
The acute toxicity of inhaled air, particularly influenced by elevated trace element levels in PM10 on high road dust days, has significant implications for subsequent health effects. This study's findings on the intricate connections between road dust and weather conditions pave the way for future ...
of the same chromosome towards opposite poles. Centromeres are key elements in this process. They are the site for the assembly of the kinetochore, the complex protein structure required for the interaction between spindle fibers and chromosomes, and for recruiting signaling components that ensure ...
Cell therapy has emerged as a viable approach for treating damaged organs or tissues, particularly with advancements in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. The innovative technique of cell sheet engineering offers the potential to create a cell