Data are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and as frequencies (percentages) for categorical variables. *Statistically significant. ACE: Angiotensin- converting enzyme; see the text. ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin. For other abbreviations ...
This study cross-sectionally examines in the elderly population: (a) the association of type 2 diabetes with executive function (EF); (b) the effect of BMI on both type 2 diabetes and EF; (c) the association between glycaemia control and EF in type 2 diabetes. 6823 older individuals wit...
Data are shown in mean ± SD or number (%).The percentage in the parenthesis indicates the percentage of non-zero values (continuous variables) or the percentage of a given category (categorical variables). Patient characteristics are calculated from one randomly selected cohort. ESRD end ...
While categorical data were shown as percentages (%), continuous variables were given as either the mean standard deviation (SD) or the median with an interquartile range (25%, 75%). The comparison of normally distributed variables among groups was carried out using the independent sample t-...
Mean ± standard deviation values were used to summarize continuous variables, while frequency (percentage) values were used for categorical variables. Repeated measurements were compared using Wilcoxon test or Friedman's test. Two-group comparisons utilized the Mann–Whitney U test, and comparisons...
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables, and number of cases and percentage for categorical variables. Comparisons among groups were performed by one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and by Pearson’s χ2 test for categorical variables. ...
Further likelihood calculations for categorical outcomes and meta-analysis for continuous outcomes were performed when appropriate. 2.5.2. Qualitative studies Qualitative studies were organised thematically and analysed according to key themes highlighting the facilitators and barriers to the use of self-...
For comparison of categorical data, χ2 tests were performed. Correlation was assessed by Pearson' correlation coefficient. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Table 1 shows comparisons between DM patients (62) and controls (27) on clinical and anthropometric ...
Categorical variables are presented as numbers and percentages. SMI: skeletal muscle index. Prevalence of sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia. Table 2 shows the prevalence of sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia in T2DM patients and controls stratified by gender. The prevalence of sarcopenia in controls was ...
Descriptive statistics were compiled and, according to country-specific data privacy standards, categorical variables with low frequencies for a specific level were masked. The percentage of missing data for individual variables was reported. Analyses for treatment changes over time were restricted to 3 ...