To determine whether fungal infection caused chloroplast disruption in PNLs, the ultrastructure of infected PNLs was observed by TEM. In mock-treated PNLs, chloroplasts with an elliptical or lens-like shape were arranged along the plasma membrane, with distinct grana stacking and an intact chloropla...
2b). Interestingly, the signalosome COP9 complex, that has been proposed to replace the lid in the formation of specialized proteasomes24, exhibited a similar transient kinetic (Fig. 2b). After 4 days, the proteasome and COP9, including several assembly factors, decreased, suggesting a rapid ...
1H-NMR spectra of human adult Hb with these two effectors were examined in order to determine the quaternary state of Hb in solution and to clarify the correlation between the O2-affinities and the structural change of Hb caused by the heterotropic effectors. At pH 6.9, 1H-NMR spectrum of ...
A broken-stick model was applied to determine the number of significant zones for CONISS and significant axes for PCA and RDA (Bennett, 1996), respectively. In addition, correlation analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors of carbon burial, and t-test was conducted on the ...
Draco: Bringing life to illustrations with kinetic textures. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 351–360, 2014. Xing, J.; Kazi, R. H.; Grossman, T.; Wei, L. Y.; Stam, J.; Fitzmaurice, G. Energy-brushes: Interactive tools for illustrating...
Generally, an increase in activation energy leads to a reduction in the threshold energy of the fluid, which, in turn, demonstrates the average kinetic energy. From the above condition, we can conclude that the average kinetic energy is less. Hence, diffusion will be less, which leads to a...
There are many factors that affect erosion, including fluid properties, particle properties (particle shape, particle size, particle material), particle impact speed and impact angle, etc. [4,8,9]. It is a great challenge to accurately predict the erosion of particles on the pipe wall. With ...
The energy flux between two objects can be affected by various factors such as the type of material between the objects, the temperature difference between the objects, the surface area of the objects, and the distance between the objects. Other factors such as air currents, humidity, and any...
Paraquat treatment can lead to oxidative stress. We did not directly determine the influence of our paraquat treatments on oxidation products in beetle tissues, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) produced by the lipid peroxidation, and we ran this experiment based on literature reporting that exposure to...
determine that the best match occurs whenωc= 1.217 eV andg= 42.9 meV (Fig.4c). The Rabi splitting estimated from the UP-LP energy gap in the experimental spectrum is 90 meV, which is approximately twice that of thegvalue from the fit. ...