Tumor microenvironment and immune escape. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2007;16:755-774, viii.Ferrone S, Whiteside TL. Tumor microenvironment and immune escape. Surg Oncol Clin N Am.Ferrone S, Whiteside TL. Tumor micro
Using a deconvolution algorithm, the tumor microenvironment and immune-related gene expression reveals the tumor cell infiltration types after analyzing relative subsets of RNA transcripts [27]. Unsupervised and supervised ML methods have been successfully applied to classify triple-negative breast cancer (...
Tumor immune escape refers to the phenomenon by which tumor cells can grow and metastasize by avoiding recognition and attack by the immune system through various mechanisms, which is an important strategy for tumor survival and development [1].The are many inducible factors of tumor immune escape,...
Changes in the tumor microenvironment and immune surveillance represent crucial hallmarks of various kinds of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and a close crosstalk of hypoxia regulating genes, an activation of chemokines and immune cells has been described. Methods A review about...
Immune suppressed tumor microenvironment by exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells via modulating immune functions ArticleOpen access08 September 2020 Introduction Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide1. Despite advances in the understanding of cancer biology and the development of...
without a clear understanding of what drives immune escape and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively describe the tumor microenvironment of localized prostate cancer in comparison with adjacent normal samples and healthy controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution spatial transcriptomic ana...
Cell–cell communications of various cell populations within tumor microenvironment play an essential role in primary tumor growth, metastasis evolution, and immune escape. Nevertheless, comprehensive investigation of cell–cell communications in the ccRCC (Clear cell renal carcinoma) microenvironment and how...
and noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs). Exosomes are secreted by all cells including immune cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells) and tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex network that supports the growth of tumor cells. This...
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor-infiltrating immune cells and angiogenesis, plays a critical...
and upregulation of TGF-β in the tumor tissues was also observed Table1. These results are suggestive of an immune-stimulatory microenvironment in the premalignant stages compared to an immunosuppressive TME of the established tumors.42Similarly, increased IL-6 and TNF-α expression was observed ...