mRNA is short for messenger RNA. mRNA is formed during the transcription stop of protein synthesis when the enzyme RNA polymerase matches up mRNA nucleotides to the DNA gene that is meant to be expressed. mRNA is then decoded, or translated, by the ribosome during translation. Transfer RNA, ...
tRNA methylation is crucial for cancer cell growth. tRNA methylation enhances cancer cell growth and chemoresistance by promoting the translation of oncogenes, autophagy, and change of tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of the tRNA methylation process is a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Open ques...
The variable arm lies between the anticodon arm and TΨC arm, and is usually short and looks sort of different from the regular four arms. The base pairing is rarely seen in this arm, so it appears as loops due to unpaired bases. The variable arm accounts for the stability of a tRNA ...
This Review will present advances in the development of tRNA therapeutics with high activity and safety in vivo and discuss different formulation approaches for single or chronic treatment modalities. The field of tRNA therapeutics is still in its early stages, and a series of challenges related to...
affecting tRF biogenesis is not well characterized. One possible explanation is that the structures of modified tRNAs are too tight or stable for nucleases to access. However, whether this procedure is totally the consequence of RNA folding or there are proteins participate in needs further ...
Due to the abundant types of 5P tRNA and prominent expression level, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of this study. We are also the first to bring all tRNA-derived fragments together in coupled names, eight pairs of tRDF we identified to share the same biogenesis. For example, ...
Introduction: The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, which involves several systems, is unclear, and its pathological type is non-caseating epithelioid granulomas. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a novel class of short non-coding RNAs with potential regulatory functions. However, whether t...
Building an artificial tRNA genome to map tRNA sequencing reads is also the solution proposed by tReasure (Lee et al., 2022), a package to analyze tRNA expression profiles to be used in R (Giorgi et al., 2022). Similarly, MINTmap was designed to profile tRNA fragments from short reads ...
The Kuss group observed severe short-term memory (STM) loss upon deletion of CG6133, the Drosophila ortholog of Nsun2. Moreover, individuals with Nsun2 mutations show both intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism phenotypes. NSUN2 is required for nucleotide modification at the wobble positio...
coli tRNAIle minihelices (containing the fused T stem-loop and acceptor stem), microhelices (only the acceptor stem), and short ssRNA oligos (Fig. 3c). Using this simplified system, we first verified that, as is with full-length tRNAs, deletion of the 3′ ACCA tail from the minihelix ...