Despite its unifying potential, tri‐trophic research has been fragmented, following two distinct paths. One has focused on the population biology and evolutionary ecology of simple food chains of interacting species. The other has focused on bottom嫴燿 topヾown controls over the distribution of ...
... ) trophic level 食性层次 ) tri-trophic system 三级营养食物链 ) food chains trophic levels 食物链营养级 ... www.dictall.com|基于2个网页 2. 三者关系 三者关系(tri-trophic system),最贴切的比喻就好像是特洛伊木马屠城:昆虫幼虫为城堡,病原线虫为引进城堡内部的木马,而光杆菌 …tw.myblog.yahoo...
1) tri-trophic system 三级营养食物链1. The effects of transgenic Bt cotton on the parasitoid in tri-trophic system involving Sukang 310, Sylepta derogata and Apanteles ruficrus have been investigated. 按照“棉花 -棉大卷叶螟 (Syleptaderogata)幼虫 -螟蛉绒茧蜂 (Apantelesruficrus)”三级营养...
We consider a tri-trophic stochastic food-chain model with harvesting. We first establish critical values between persistence in mean and extinction for each species. The results show that persistence and extinction of a species only depends on the demographic impacts of environmental stochasticity on ...
Here we examine the tri-trophic interactions among wheat plants containing sublethal doses of thiamethoxam, aphids, and the predatory C. maculata. Specifically, we examined how insecticide dose in the wheat plants and aphid densities on the wheat plants interact to affect C. maculata larvae....
This chapter elaborates the various plant volatiles and their role in the tri-trophic interaction. The introduction of various pest-resistant (transgenic) varieties and how they influence these tri-trophic interactions is also discussed.Experimental Techniques in Host-Plant Resistance...
Interactions among species in a tri-trophic system: the influence of ants on the distribution of the Sinai Baton Blue Butterfly. Egyptian Journal of Biology, 8, 17-26.James M (2006b) Interactions among species in a tri-trophic system: the influence of ants on the distribution of the Sinai...
In this paper, a spatial tri-trophic food chain model with ratio-dependent Michaelis-Menten type functional response under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions is studied. Conditions for Hopf and Turing bifurcation are derived. Sufficient conditions for the emergence of spatial patterns are obtained. ...
A. L. M. Kooijman, Multiple attractors and boundary crises in a tri-trophic food chain, Math. Biosci., 169 (2001), 109-128.M. P. Boer, B. W. Kooi, S. A. L. M. Kooijman, Multiple attractor and boundary crises in a tri-trophic food chain, Mathematical Biosciences 169 (2001) ...
Mycorrhiza modulates aboveground tri-trophic interactions to the fitness benefit of its host plant. Ecol. Entomol. 2011a; 36 :574–581.Hoffmann D, Vierheilig H, Peneder S, Schausberger P (2011) Mycorrhiza modulates aboveground tri-trophic interactions to the fitness benefit of its host plant....