Many applications of causal analysis call for assessing, retrospectively, the effect of withholding an action that has in fact been implemented. This counterfactual quantity, sometimes called "effect of treatment on the treated," (ETT) have been used to to evaluate educational programs, critic public...
（3）related-相关的（treatment-related治疗相关的）举个例子，接受抗高血压药物后，出现了低血压。这个...
We give a new theoretical analysis and family of algorithms for predicting individual treatment effect (ITE) from observational data, under the assumption known as strong ignorability. The algorithms learn a "balanced" representation such that the induced treated and control distributions look similar. ...
The anonymized data is stored centrally on the server of the University Duisburg-Essen. Because the self-report measures are collected in the Lime Survey platform, only valid values can be entered. Nonetheless, range checks of all instruments will be performed as part of the analysis process. ...
Heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) analysis focuses on examining varying treatment effects for individuals or subgroups in a population. For example, an HTE-informed understanding can critically gu...
Analysis of screen-positive depression, psychological distress, and depression treatment data from 46 417 responses to the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys taken in US households by participants aged 18 years or older in 2012 and 2013. Percentages of adults with screen-positive depression (Patient ...
In the nonprioritized admission control scheme, all types of calls are treated equally; the scheme is based on a first come, first served rule. A call is denied access only if no channel is available. In the prioritized admission control scheme, the policy is based on dropping lower ...
Immunohistologic analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies specific for the following phenotypic markers and mediators of joint inflammation and destruction: CD3, CD38, CD68, CD55, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, MMP‐1, and TIMP‐1. In addition,...
Time series is traditionally treated with two main approaches, i.e., the time domain approach and the frequency domain approach. These approaches must rely on a sliding window so that time-shift versions of a sequence can be measured to be similar. Coupled with the use of a root point-to...
These findings are consistent with those of a retrospective analysis conducted by Lee et al., who reported common complications in 200 patients with spinal metastasis; however, Lee et al. considered wound infection (30%) to be the most common complication. This differs from our study, where ...