Many applications of causal analysis call for assessing, retrospectively, the effect of withholding an action that has in fact been implemented. This counterfactual quantity, sometimes called "effect of treatment on the treated," (ETT) have been used to to evaluate educational programs, critic public...
（3）related-相关的（treatment-related治疗相关的）举个例子，接受抗高血压药物后，出现了低血压。这个...
The anonymized data is stored centrally on the server of the University Duisburg-Essen. Because the self-report measures are collected in the Lime Survey platform, only valid values can be entered. Nonetheless, range checks of all instruments will be performed as part of the analysis process. ...
Most US adults who screen positive for depression did not receive treatment for depression, whereas most who were treated did not screen positive. In light of these findings, it is important to strengthen efforts to align depression care with each patient's clinical needs. 展开 ...
This results in biased estimates of the causal parameters of interest such as the average treatment effect or the average treatment effect on the treated. Our results provide a Acknowledgements This paper benefited from comments by the Editor, an Associate Editor and three anonymous referees, from ...
We give a new theoretical analysis and family of algorithms for predicting individual treatment effect (ITE) from observational data, under the assumption known as strong ignorability. The algorithms learn a "balanced" representation such that the induced treated and control distributions look similar. ...
Heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) analysis focuses on examining varying treatment effects for individuals or subgroups in a population. For example, an HTE-informed understanding can critically gu...
Between 14-18 days postinjury, CDP-choline-treated rats had significantly less cognitive (Morris water maze performance) deficits that injured saline-treated rats. CDP-choline treatment also attenuated the TBI-induced increased sensitivity to the memory-disrupting effects of scopolamine, a muscarinic ...
Hence, in this study, we analyse and report on the clinical efficacy of these two approaches in 102 patients with spinal metastases treated surgically at three affiliated hospitals of Zunyi Medical University from December 2017 to June 2022.
In the nonprioritized admission control scheme, all types of calls are treated equally; the scheme is based on a first come, first served rule. A call is denied access only if no channel is available. In the prioritized admission control scheme, the policy is based on dropping lower ...