其延长过程包括三个步骤: 1)进位:EFTu、EFTs协助特异氨基酰tRNA按A位对应的密码子进入,需GTP。 2)成肽(转肽): 转肽酶催化P位fMet或肽酰与A位氨基酰以肽键相连,P位上空载的tRNA脱落,P位空出,需Mg2+、K+。 3)转位(移位):由转位因子EFG催化,GTP供能,核蛋白体沿mRNA由5´→3´移动一个密码子的位置...
The ribosome:Each ribosome is made of a small ribosomal subunit and a large ribosomal subunit. These only exist as a pair once translation is beginning. They contain a large amount of rRNA as well as protein. These are one of the few cell components that exist in both prokaryotes and eukar...
In prokaryotes, the overall process is regulated by proteins that function as signals or operators and terminate the process by physically blocking the RNA polymerase once the process is complete. In eukaryotes, various proteins termed as transcription factors are involved in the regulation of transcrip...
We performed two positive control analyses to examine the data quality. First, the GFP intensity of variants with in-frame stop codons formed in the 30-nt region downstream of aATG was lower than that of variants without in-frame stop codons (P< 2.2 × 10−16, Mann-WhitneyUtest; Additio...
In prokaryotes, small RNAs utilize anti-sense mechanisms to regulate mRNA function under stress, following metabolic changes, and to control virulence, and they affect translation and/or stability, together with the binding protein Hfq (Wagner and Romby, 2015). Trypanosoma brucei is the causative ...
Central dogma: The central dogma in molecular biology relates to the process of synthesising proteins. This process consists of DNA transcription and mRNA translation. Answer and Explanation:1 Transcription occurs when a gene sequence on DNA is 'read' by an RNA polymerase enzyme to then synth...
RNA secondary structures in the 5′-untranslated regions (5′-UTR) of mRNAs are key to the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. While it is evident that non-canonical Hoogsteen-paired G-quadruplex (rG4) structures somehow contribute to the
In eukaryotes, it projects into the solvent (Figures 3D and 3E), being rotated about 90° relative to the position of helix 16 in prokaryotes, where it is folded toward helix 18 of the 16S rRNA, the so-called 530 pseudoknot structure (compare Figures 3D and 3E versus 3F). Helix 18, ...
During coupled transcription and translation in prokaryotes, what structures form as growing mRNA transcripts are being translated? What is the name of the process where an RNA copy is produced from a DNA template? A. DNA replication B. Translation D. Reverse transcription D...
Antibiotic treatment can be used to stall and capture footprints from the initiating ribosome [14, 28, 29], but finding a suitable compound has been elusive in prokaryotes, with only one dataset available to date [30]. Here, we present a generally applicable method that does not depend on ...