by Jean François Champollion and the decoding of the Persian cuneiform inscriptions on the rock of Behistun by Henry Rawlinson. Translating sacred texts has always been the chief means by which a culture transmits its values to posterity. Important translations of the Bible began with the Vulgate...
Eukaryotes almost always produce polycistronic mRNA. e. The genes for metabolic pathways in bacteria are typically located close together and transcribed on one mRNA. 5. In what way is eukaryotic transcription more complex than prokaryotic transcription?
i.e. in this case, code\(X_{173}\)is always the best of its class, code\(X_{176}\)is always the second etc., irrespective of the species-specific codon usage. Surprisingly, this property holds for each of the 27 equivalence classes (see Table2of the Supplementary Information...
Translation efficiencies of synonymous codons are not always correlated with codon usage in tobacco chloroplasts. Plant J. 49, 128–134 (2007). Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Nakamura, M. & Sugiura, M. Translation efficiencies of synonymous codons for arginine differ dramatically and are not ...
an mRNA strand can include multiple genes and therefore code for multiple protein products. During theinitiation phase, methionine is always the amino acid first coded for, usually by the base sequence AUG. Each amino acid, in fact, is coded for by a specific three-base sequence on mRNA (an...
smORF translation is difficult to ascertain, but has been repeatedly detected to occur at a large scale by Ribo-Seq, including in this study. Different types of studies and analyses yield numbers always in the thousands per genome [45]. These numbers are a small fraction of the smORFs in ...
(from RB69, TuIa and RB49) diverged significantly. As in T4, the SD sequence of theseregBgenes is GGAG, with only one case (RB49) of GGAU. When experimentally tested, this sequence was always found to be cleaved by RegBin vivo, suggesting that translational auto-control ofregBis ...
The genetic code is redundant, meaning that most amino acids can be encoded by more than one codon. Highly expressed genes tend to use optimal codons to increase the accuracy and speed of translation. Thus, codon usage biases provide a signature of the r