LSTM-DNN models also outperformed when the time lag was set as three. By increasing the time lags from three onward, the model performance decreased, and the error rate increased. In nonhybrid models, the BDLSTM model outperformed other baseline models such as GRU, LSTM, and LSTM-DNN. The...
We are working on applying a CRT Map to relieve traffic congestion by traffic light control and coordination. Conversely, the CRT Map is designed for general purposes in this paper. Moreover, if it is dedicated to a routing purpose, some aspects can be further optimized. For example, ...
Keywords: cellular automata (CA); graph-based CA; graph CA; modelling of complex systems; computer simulation; traffic model 1. Introduction Cellular automata (CA), described by cell structure, rules and possible states, are mathematical models functioning as a modelling environment for discrete ...
In the 1960s, the fourth power theory proposed by the American Association of Interstate Highway Workers (AASHO) indicated that the static axle load was more suitable for simulating traffic load under low-speed and light axle load conditions [23]. For concrete pipe, the results of finite ...