In newspaper headlines, trade policy appears mostly as disputes and acrimony. Countries are almost constantly threatening to challenge the “unfair” trading practices of other nations. Cases are brought to the dispute settlement procedures of the WTO, the European Union, NAFTA, and other regional tr...
With regards to negative reciprocity and the risk of punishment, supranational mediators for trade disputes might be able to alleviate concerns of both sides by delegating punishment to a neutral and transparent court, increasing predictability of the process. 13 282 A. Korff, N. Steffen ...
Footnote49 The 2018 ease of doing business index still has only seven countries from sub-Saharan Africa in the top 100, namely Mauritius, Rwanda, Kenya, Botswana, South Africa, Seychelles and Zambia, although efforts to remove impediments to improved trade are readily identifiable elsewhere. The C...
is leading the charge on free trade in Africa. Of the 54 countries on the African continent, 44 have signed the agreement, but the traditional economic giants of the continent – Nigeria and South Africa – have not. Surprisingly, Botswana, an example often cited by...
As is the case with most BITs worldwide, foreign fi rms do not have to fi le claims through governments but can take a claim to an arbitral panel, often the Inter-national Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) at the World Bank, for any perceived violation of the ...
through provision of land tenure security and reduced land disputes; safeguards the business environment; stabilizes environmental and social conditions; improves the efficiency in building processes; reduces transaction costs; and promotes innovation in the construction industry (JLL, 2014, JLL, 2016, JLL...
It also serves to "ensure a positive and prompt settlement of disputes; and foster the adoption of mutually acceptable solutions consistent with the covered agreements" (Article 3.7 of the DSU). Shin and Ahn (2019) have shown that the WTO dispute settlement system has genuinely played its role...