The article presents an of the research paper "Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes are Clearly Discriminated in the Brain by Muscarinic Toxins." According to the assays carried out in cloned receptors, the order for 3H
Agatoxins have been used as selective pharmacological probes for characterization of ion channels in the brain and heart, and have been evaluated as candidate biopesticides. Introduction The vast majority of spiders, including the American funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta subdue prey by ...
Sugar even acts like a drug, stimulating the reward centers in the brain. Fructose in sugar has been associated with a number of health conditions – obesity, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes. Sugar-rich diets have also been seen to double the risk of colon cancer. While sugar is...
Toxins were the first bacterial virulence factors to be identified and were also the first link between bacteria and cell biology. Cellular microbiology was, in fact, naturally born a long time ago with the study of toxins, and only recently, thanks to the sophisticated new technologies, has it...
There are many ways in which neuronal damage can be produced in the brain, including the overactivation of depolarizing receptors, exposure to high levels of pro-inflammatory proteins such as cytokines, or miscellaneous toxins, but the kynurenine pathway has emerged as a potentially major factor in...
The toxin has received considerable attention not only from microbiologists but also in the field of cell biology, where it has become a powerful tool to study intracellular trafficking. In this Review, we summarize the Shiga toxin family members and their structures, receptors, trafficking pathways...
Further studies are needed to determine if BFT affects γ-secretase activity in the brain. In addition to the gut microbiota, the oral microbiota may also contribute to AD. One study has found the Gingipains, toxins from the oral microbe Porphyromonas gingivalis in the brain of AD patients (...
Celia R. Carliniis presently a senior researcher at the Brain Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do RioGrande do Sul and Full Professor (retired) of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, both institution located in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Her academic degrees ...
tox·in (tŏk′sĭn) n. 1.A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of causing disease when introduced into the body tissues but is often also capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins. ...
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the solid tumor is a leiomyoma, a brain tumor, a carcinoma, a basalioma, a teratoma, a retinoblastoma, a choroidea melanoma, a seminoma, a sarcoma, a plasmacytoma, a head and neck tumor, a liver tumor, a kidney tumor, a renal cell tumor, a ...