由上而下的方式(Top-down approaches)另一个找出副群组的方式就是由上而下的方式,也就是从整个网路的架构去看而不是从 … libraripeople.blogspot.com|基于2个网页 3. 上而下途径 者最为可采: (1) 单一由上而下途径(Top-Down Approaches) 。包括以权利、契约或反商品化 ...
2.1. Top-Down Approaches 青云英语翻译 请在下面的文本框内输入文字,然后点击开始翻译按钮进行翻译,如果您看不到结果,请重新翻译! 翻译结果1翻译结果2翻译结果3翻译结果4翻译结果5 翻译结果1复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 2.1。自上而下的方法 翻译结果2复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部...
Holloway's (1995, 1999) systems approach to supervision is reviewed as an example of a metatheoretical model that integrates bottom-up and top-down approaches. An exemplar of action research based on the Holloway model raises questions for consideration by transactional analysis supervisors.doi:...
Effective teaching methods may be constrained by school curriculum, but educators can still devise instructional approaches based on the needs of their students. Some courses are taught better through lecture, while others may require class participation and direct interaction through laboratory and fieldt...
while others may require class participation and direct interaction through laboratory and fieldtrips. Two common teaching methods are known as top-down and bottom-up, which take opposite approaches to providing students with an education.A top-down teaching style focuses on providing stude...
求翻译:Top-down approaches, 73是什么意思?待解决 悬赏分:1 - 离问题结束还有 Top-down approaches, 73问题补充:匿名 2013-05-23 12:21:38 自顶向下的方法, 73 匿名 2013-05-23 12:23:18 自上而下的方法, 73 匿名 2013-05-23 12:24:58 自上而下的方法, 73 匿名 2013-05-23 12:26...
(which might represent a sentence in the text); but full understanding only comes if this is combined with knowledge of adjacent areas and the wider terrain, so that their effects on one another can be recognized. In ...
Here, we demonstrate various top-down approaches for low-temperature processed organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite single crystal devices. Our approach uses common and well-established material combinations that are often used in polycrystalline thin film devices. The use of a polymer bezel allows...
A theory-driven,top-down approachcapitalizes on identifying features a priori, reducing the costs to researchers by making the task of identifyingif … then …profiles easier and more efficient. Indeed, such approaches typically allow researchers to skip steps 2 and 3 (and often step 4) inFig...
Top-down and bottom-up approaches are methods used to analyze and choose securities, but the terms also appear in many other areas of finance and investing.