Top-down approachesRona L. Thompson aFrédéric Chevallier bShamil Maksyutov cPrabir K. Patra dKevin Bowman eBalancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets
必应词典为您提供top-downapproaches的释义,网络释义: 自上而下法;由上而下的方式;上而下途径;
Holloway's (1995, 1999) systems approach to supervision is reviewed as an example of a metatheoretical model that integrates bottom-up and top-down approaches. An exemplar of action research based on the Holloway model raises questions for consideration by transactional analysis supervisors.doi:...
while others may require class participation and direct interaction through laboratory and fieldtrips. Two common teaching methods are known as top-down and bottom-up, which take opposite approaches to providing students with an education.A top-down teaching style focuses on providing stude...
You may start your GTD implementation by following one of two approaches: Dealing with the most mundane, ground-floor level of current activity and commitments first, to later discover higher horizons. This is what we call Bottom-up Approach. First uncovering personal and corporate missions, ...
We’ll take a closer look at both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Here’s What We’ll Cover: Top-Down Management The Pros and Cons of Top-Down Management Bottom-Up Management The Pros and Cons of Bottom-Up Management Which Approach Should I Choose?
(which might represent a sentence in the text); but full understanding only comes if this is combined with knowledge of adjacent areas and the wider terrain, so that their effects on one another can be recognized. In ...
Here, we demonstrate various top-down approaches for low-temperature processed organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite single crystal devices. Our approach uses common and well-established material combinations that are often used in polycrystalline thin film devices. The use of a polymer bezel allows...
Ecology:There are top-down and bottom-up structures that are part of our natural world. In some ecosystems, top predators control the structure of a population. This is an example of a top-down approach. In comparison, other ecosystems exist on a bottom-up approach. These ecosystems, like ...
Top-down and bottom-up approaches are methods used to analyze and choose securities, but the terms also appear in many other areas of finance and investing.