bottom-up approachcopula functioncredit riskgoodness-of-fit testintegrated risk managementmarket risktop-down approachBanks and other financial institutions face the necessity to merge the economic capital for credit risk, market risk, operational risk and other risk types to one overall economic capital...
Ecology:There are top-down and bottom-up structures that are part of our natural world. In some ecosystems, top predators control the structure of a population. This is an example of a top-down approach. In comparison, other ecosystems exist on a bottom-up approach. These ecosystems, like ...
International Climate Negotiations: Top-down, Bottom-up or a Combination of Both? Most observers agree that more than 20 years of UN climate negotiations have been a failure. Some argue that the top-down approach is one important reason ... Andresen,Steinar - 《International Spectator》 被引量...
Top-down proteomics is a relatively young field compared to bottom-up proteomics, and currently suffers from several limitations. First, the very complex spectra generated by multiply charged proteins limits the approach to isolated proteins, or simple protein mixtures at best. Second, the favored in...
Traditional planning processes focus on disparate planning cycles for new and existing assets in a top-down versus bottom-up asset planning approach. This approach leads to suboptimization. An integrated planning process breaks down the departmental silos with optimization engines at three levels. Optimi...
And what I wanted to share with you today is the difference between these top down establishment backed supported quote unquote movements versus a true bottoms up movements, the establishment back top down movements are typically done in reaction to the growing bottoms up movements. I’ll give ...
Uncertainty quantification (UQ) based directly on the differences between model predictions and experimental data is referred to as the "top-down" approach. This paper discusses both the top-down and bottom-up approaches and uses the respective stochastic models to assess the validity of a joint ...
Some controversy exists about the advocacy of top-down versus bottom-up forecasting strategies. Top-down forecasting refers to the process of forecasting the demand for the aggregate of items in a class and then inferring individual demands according to a percentage of the total; bottom-up refers...
Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Assessment The empirically based approach to assessment and scale development has the advantage of not being dependent on preconceived notions of psychopathology or clinical impressions that often vary across practitioners. This “bottom-up” approach differs from “top-down” ...
1.2. Top-down versus bottom-up approaches to soil mapping In the transition from CSM to DSM, certain aspects of CSM that were taken for granted need to be re-evaluated in light of new DSM capabilities. CSM began with regional maps that led to continental and global soil maps as major geo...