bottom up and top down教学法 底向上教学法(bottom-up approach)是一种从具体事物出发,逐步递进地进行学习和教学的方法。在这种方法中,学习者首先掌握基础的知识和技能,然后逐步建立对更复杂、抽象概念的理解和应用能力。底向上教学法注重细节和具体情境的学习,强调学习的扎实和逐渐拓展知识结构。 顶向下教学法(top...
Although logically we might expect that we ought to understand the plain sense if we are to understand anything else, in practice a reader continually shifts from one focus to another, now adopting a top-down approach t...
Although logically we might expect that we ought to understand the plain sense if we are to understand anything else, in practice a reader continually shifts from one focus to another, now adopting a top-down approach to predict the probable meaning, then moving to the bottom-up approach to ...
bottom-up approachcopula functioncredit riskgoodness-of-fit testintegrated risk managementmarket risktop-down approachBanks and other financial institutions face the necessity to merge the economic capital for credit risk, market risk, operational risk and other risk types to one overall economic capital...
Top-down approach 和bottom—up. 两种教学法，对于同一个水平的接受者都是有可能适用的。主要看阅读及学习材料的难度。 传统的语言构建方法都是bottom up教学法, 即先从小的单位入手,从音素到词根到单词到基本句构建再到长句和复合句, 最后到语篇，此谓从局部到整体。Top-down的教学法则...
老师您好,学完了Fix Income这门课,我发现Top-down approach实现从分析宏观经济形势入手,再细分行业sector,然后挑选优质的个股equity/bond,但是Bottom-up approach是先把相似credit risk或者发行人归为一类,然后从里面找到具有相对更高价值的个股,但是后者怎样体现Bottom-up(自下而上)呢?能不能再具体讲一讲这两种方法...
Understand the meaning of the top-down approach and bottom-up approach in management. Know the advantages of the two approaches to management and...
Top-Down Management The Pros and Cons of Top-Down Management Bottom-Up Management The Pros and Cons of Bottom-Up Management Which Approach Should I Choose? Key Takeaways Top-Down Management What Is a Top-Down Approach? Adopting the top-down model is the most common business management style....
This article presents examples of action research as a "bottom-up" approach that involves and empowers supervisees. "Top-down" approaches are usually model specific and stem from the practice, theory, and philosophy of supervision espoused by a supervisor relative to the context in which the ...
Each approach can be quite simple—the top-down approach goes from the general to the specific, and the bottom-up approach begins at the specific and moves to the general. These methods are possible approaches for a wide range of endeavors, such as goal setting,budgeting, and forecasting. In...