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In spaces like employment selection, the relevant question is how an ML model compares to a manually built test. In this paper, we explain that since the Civil Rights Act, industrial and organizational (I/O) psychologists have struggled to produce assessments without disparate impact. By ...
This paper investigates an approach for identifying the control objectives from human movement data during complex movements. The proposed approach is based on a windowed inverse optimal control (IOC) approach14. Many prior works in IOC4,15assume that the cost function optimised within each pre-defi...
Studies have revealed that generic drug approval applications were late by 30 months due to patent linkage provisions and the infringement litigation.Footnote22These infringement cases increase the cost of drugs, and the generics lost the right to enter the market during the stay period. S.156 pro...
. These are non-rival goods, meaning that copies can be made at no cost. The goods made by an individual in her Rockstar role are purchased by a fraction T of all individuals. For simplicity, we choose the price to be constant and equal for all purchases. We later show that our ...
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These variations emerge randomly and may or may not get fixed within the host. If some of these variations are fixed, they get transmitted within the population, and if they do not get fixed, they may lead to the generation of genetically diverse viral populations. The fixation of these ...
A few actions destroy the AIs, but this prevents you from doing actions on them, removes the energy cost of them starting up, and has basically no benefit. Maple starts with 100 energy, and each turn, uses 5 energy starting up a different AI (unless they've been destroyed). The AIs ...
When more than two components are involved in the fabrication of hydrogels, DC, DN, and IPN approaches can be combined, which impacts the viability and increases the complexity or the cost of such a process. Lin et al. [267] proposed a strategy that combined many approaches: (1) cellulose...
Infrastructure are at the center of three trends: accelerating human activities, increasing uncertainty in social, technological, and climatological factors, and increasing complexity of the systems themselves and environments in which they operate. Resilience theory can help infrastructure managers navigate ...