Of the three broad groups of protists, which are heterotrophs and which are autotrophs? What are the two common characteristics of the clade Lophotrochozoa? Were members of the clade Testudines alive around the time of the dinosaurs? What are the two kingdoms of prokaryotes? What two types...
The highest ranking previously used had been "kingdom," based on the Five Kingdom system adopted in the late 1960s. This classification system model is based on principles developed by Swedish scientistCarolus Linnaeus, whose hierarchical system groups organisms based on common physical characteristics...
Plant cells, which are surrounded by stiff cell walls (see Sect. “Extracellular matrix”), rarely show cell protrusions. A notable exception are plant root hairs, which are tubular extensions of root epidermal cells. Similar to the microvilli of animal cells, they greatly increase the cell sur...
The release of EVs to the extracellular space is probably con- served in all types of eukaryotic cells: animals, plants, protists and fungi, be they either in unicellular or multicellular organ- isms; however, most studies to date have been done in animals, specifically...
TK exhibits a complex phylogenetic distribution across different groups of eukaryotes. Metazoa and ciliates have a highly divergent form of TK characterized by many gaps and deletions; we have not included these sequences in our data set because they are difficult to align with other TKs. Most eu...
What classification level contains only a single type of organism? How many kinds of organisms have prokaryotic cells? What are the three groups of the clade Testudines? What are multicellular organisms classified as? What do bacterial cells and fungal cells have in common? Which domain(s) includ...
Fig. 1b shows an alignment of the sequences of CaM from different protists and yeast/fungi, as compared with vertebrate CaM. Interestingly, the highest number of substitutions is found in the C-terminal helix of EF-hand IV. Even though Sacharomyces cerevisiae shows the lowest identity (59%...
Aim: We characterised protistan taxa in ships' ballast water (BW) arriving to port systems across three U.S. coasts. Our goals were to compare (1) diversity and (2) community composition of protists in BW among and between port systems. Location: Chesapeake Bay in Virginia (Port of ...
Heterotrichs are generally larger than ciliates of other groups with a seemingly cosmopolitan distribution, and recent studies have demonstrated that they exhibit great biodiversity. In the present work, we investigated the morphology and small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences of three heterotri...
Beforetheconceptofthreedomainsofcellularlifecameintoexistence,lifeonplanetwasgrouped intotwocategories-ProkaryotaeorMonera(whichcomprisedbacteria)andEukaryotae(which comprisedanimals,plants,fungiandprotists).Inhisbiologicalclassification,CarlWoesedivided Prokaryotaeintotwogroups-ArchaeaandBacteria,andthuscameintoexisten...