Biosynthesis of metal clusters for the nitrogenase component proteins NifH and NifDK involves electron donation events. Yet, electron donors specific to the biosynthetic pathways of the [ 4Fe-4S] cluster of NifH, or the P-cluster and the FeMo-co of NifDK, have not been identified. Here we ...
4b). In principle, KM should be determined from the measurement of LE velocity as a function of [T]. Here, we use KM = 0.4mM obtained as Michaelis–Menten constant for ATP hydrolysis rate8, assuming that ATP hydrolysis rate is the rate-limiting step in the loop extrusion process....
Over the years, advances in experimental and computational methods have helped us to understand the role of thermodynamic, kinetic and active (chaperone-aided) effects in coordinating the folding steps required to achieving a knotted native state. Here, we review such developments by paying particular...
1 and 6, with the values chosen such that Ks=λVh. The measurement of the harvest volume from growth experiments can be obtained in an analogous fashion to the determination of the affinity constant: by noting s∗ the value of substrate concentration at which the growth rate is e−1μ...
efficacy-driven bias; whilst bothΔlog(τ)andΔlog(τKA)are independent ofreceptor density, the former is largely driven by ligand efficacy, whilst the latter is driven by both potency and affinity. They are suggested as complementary scales, providing a more complete measurement of biased ...
The classic Darwinian theory and the Synthetic evolutionary theory and their linear models, while invaluable to study the origins and evolution of species, are not primarily designed to model the evolution of organisations, typically that of ecosystems,
acquisition devices for the digitization of electrophoresis gels depends on the staining technique used (see also Table 6.2): ■■ Flat-bed densitometers — based on high- performance document scanners that have been modified to make them suitable for accurate scientific measurement of optical ...
The application and measurement of forces on single cells have also been useful for studies of cell-cell interactions, cell migration, cell division, and the cells’ mechanical properties. The characteristics of the mechanical deformation of living cells are known to strongly influence their functions...
Studying artificial microbial communities, with defined levels of 'species' richness and measurement of ecosystem function, has been attempted73–75, but the contribution from microbial ecologists to biodiversity–function analysis is currently in its infancy. •Macroecology. The identification of ...
while the second term is a constant. The first term corresponds to the mean-square displacement of thetrue positionof A549 cells. In the experiment, however, our position measurement of the A549 cell is unavoidably limited by the localization error due to the spatiotemporal resolution such that...