The thymus gland is the main organ of the lymphatic system. Its primary function is to promote the development of specific cells of the immune system called T-lymphocytes. Once mature, these cells leave the thymus and are transported via blood vessels to the lymph nodes and spleen. T-lymphocy...
There are several different types of drugs used in immunotherapy. Certain cancer drugs may be administered once or several times over one or two years. Autoimmune drugs may require long-term use. Among the main types of immunotherapy drugs are: Immune checkpoint inhibitors Checkpoints are the part...
What are the principal secondary lymphoid organs of the body? Lymph nodes Two main functions of lymph nodes? 1. Cleansing the lymph: macrophages remove microorgansims that enter the lymph 2. Immune system activation: offer a place for lymphocytes to become activated ...
The SASP is characterized by sustained secretion of a variety of inflammatory factors and chemokines, which are regulated by the autocrine stimulation of senescent vascular smooth muscle cells by IL-1α. These powerful chemotactic signals lead to the aggregation of monocytes and lymphocytes, while ...
Human immune response is divided into two main categories which include innate immunity, initiated by phagocytosis of pathogens by phagocytic cells and this orchestrates the adaptive immune system [2–4]. The two types of circulating phagocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, are the main contributors to...
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is an emerging class of therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The recent success of the two highly efficacious mRNA vaccines produced by Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech to protect against COVID-19 highlights the huge potential of mRNA ...
Stage 2: Immune Cell Infiltration of the Thyroid Gland Hashimoto’s is characterized by an overabundance of lymphocytes (white blood cells) in the thyroid gland. In small amounts, these immune cells play an important cleanup role, but when there are too many of them in an organ, this means...
The symptom complex that constitutes the uremic syndrome has long been recognized. Its earliest, most eloquent and succinct description probably was given by Aretaeus of Cappadocia in his The Causes and Indications of Acute and Chronic Diseases sometime
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What are the lymphatic system's two main functions? Describe how the lymphatic system can hinder the spread of cancer. Explain why lymphatic vessels have valves. What is the role of the one-way valve in the lymphatic system? Explain how the flow of...