Furthermore, we have identified 325 pairs of dispersed repeats in theV. chinshanensemitogenome with lengths greater than or equal to 50 bp. These include 169 pairs of forward repeats and 156 pairs of palindromic repeats (Table S4). The number of dispersed repeats is obviously higher than that...
In mammalian cells, the vast majority of membrane proteins, secreted proteins and soluble proteins of most organelles are synthesized at the ER membrane. A cleavable N-terminal signal peptide emerging from the ribosome targets most secretory pathway proteins to the ER1,2, where the nascent chain e...
Recovery from the quiescent developmental stage called dauer is an essential process in C. elegans and provides an excellent model to understand how metabolic transitions contribute to developmental plasticity. Here we show that cholesterol bound to the
According to this theory, codons that differ only in a single base, encode for amino acids with comparable physicochemical properties to mitigate the effect of translation errors. The role of stereochemical forces in genetic code formation, is supported by numerous studies2. Here, the role of ...
The bigger picture Challenges and opportunities: Summary Progress in photocatalysis for organic synthesis over the last 15 years has been undeniably rapid. The number of transformations enabled by visible light has exploded as have new reactor technologies and the availability of structurally diverse ...
In 2014, the WHO published the first global report on antimicrobial resistance surveillance, providing an initial picture of the scale of the problem and showing that there is a lack of adequate surveillance in many regions of the world and major gaps in knowledge about common pathogens of major...
Interactions between proteins and DNA play essential roles for controlling of several biological processes such as transcription, translation, DNA replication, and gene regulation [1,2,3]. An important step to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of these interactions is the identification of ...
After application of a FC threshold, the overall number of DEG was considerably reduced, and only 538 were among those upregulated. It can also be discerned that the number of upregulated genes was higher in both analyses with and without FC threshold. For a clearer picture of DEG during ...
Hence, the emerging picture might give us a clearer view on the situation of the h/E(spl)/hey-related gene family in zebrafish than from comparison to higher vertebrates. Due to a remarkable conservation of exon-intron structure of the h/E(spl)-related genes from insects up to man, it ...
Silicon plays important biological roles, but the mechanisms of cellular responses to silicon are poorly understood. We report the first analysis of cell cycle arrest and recovery from silicon starvation in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana using whole