The presence of EV-markers, CD63 and CD9 tetraspanins, was confirmed by fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy (Fig. 1e). EV markers were further studied by WB, showing the presence of tumor susceptibility 101 (TSG101), CD63, CD9, programmed cell death 6 interacting protein (Alix),...
particularly in forging pre-metastatic niches [13]. The molecular cargo of tumor-derived exosomes, comprising proteins and nucleic acids, can modulate cellular behaviors. For instance, tumor exosomal miR-1247-3p has been shown to activate cancer-associated fibroblasts, promoting lung metastasis...
Moreover, the presence of the exosome markers CD63, Alix and tsg101 were confirmed by western blot (Fig. 1a-c). Forty HCC patients were divided into two groups based on the median body fat ratios, namely, the above-the-median group (n = 21) and below-the-median group (n =...
Composition of exosomes and microvesicles. CompositionExosomesMicrovesicles Proteins MVB formation: ALIX, TSG101; Tetraspanins: CD9, CD63, CD81,CD82;Membrane transport and fusion: annexins, flotillins, GTPases; Adhesion: integrins; Antigen presentation: MHC class molecules; Heat shock proteins: HSC70...
At the same time, they have common marker proteins on their surfaces, such as membrane proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82), proteins involved in the sorting and transport of intercellular complexes (Alix, Tsg101), membrane transport fusion eggs (GTPases, annexins, flotillin, Rab protein), ...
The exosomal surface markers including CD9, CD63, CD81, and tumor susceptibility gene TSG101, and were analyzed by western blotting. The procedures were detailed in Section 2.6. The MesenGro hMSC Medium was ultrafiltrated as mentioned above and the ultrafiltration liquid was used as negative ...
[142]. The separated UC-MSC-EXOs had a characteristic cup-formed morphology, expressed the particular exosomal markers Alix, CD63, and TSG101, and were about 50–150 nm in size. TGFβ1 at 10 ng/ml considerably improved endometrial fibrosis, which was reversed via 20 µg/ml UC-MSC-...
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and well-being of the host. Recent studies have demonstrated that the GM may significantly influence bone metabolism and degenerative skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis (
Exosome structure and molecular composition. Exosomes are surrounded by a phospho-lipid bilayer and contain nucleic acids and lipids, proteins. Exosomal proteins include annexins, important for transport; integrins and tetraspanins important for cell targeting and binding, and TSG101and Alix, involved in...
1b). Western blot analysis indicated the isolated vesicles from serum contained higher level of exosomal markers including CD81, and TSG101, compared with NSCLC cells (Fig. 1c). The exosome numbers in the serum of patients with advanced lung cancer (most of whom have the lymph node ...