A limit of detection (LOD) of analytical instruments is usually arbitrarily defined, for example, as the level of contamination at which the probability of detection (POD) is 50 or 95%. However, these definitions are ignoring the sampling uncertainty that emerges in the process of preparing ...
If the concentration of the target compound approaches the limit of detection, the intensity of the test line is generally correlated with concentration [54] and therefore may appear faded. Does this mean that test strips results can provide information on the concentration of the drug? Technically...
The limit of detection (LOD) for any analytical procedure, the point at which analysis is just feasible, may be determined by a statistical approach based on measuring replicate blank (negative) samples or by an empirical approach, consisting of measuring progressively more dilute concentrations of ...
Therefore, an approach for a standardized interpretation and reporting of results obtained by real-time PCR at the limit of detection (LOD) is proposed. A quality control DNA sample containing the target at the LOD (95%) is analysed in parallel with the real DNA sample and the respective C...
Although some elements were present below the theoretical detection limit of PIXE (~100 ppm for most elements), the ability to map their presence in discrete energy channels is consistent with their occurrence at low concentrations56. In hydrothermally influenced environments and potentially the wider ...
(MCU), nonspecific adsorption of AuNPs onto the SPR chip surface was suppressed and regeneration of the SPR sensor was realized. This method was highly sensitive and we have achieved the limit of detection (LOD) down to5 × 103exosomes/mL, which showed a104-fold improvement in LOD ...
zooplankton samples. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.019 mg/kg. The TOC and total nitrogen (TN) in zooplankton samples were analyzed using the CHNS Organic Elemental Analyzer (Flash 2000, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Briefly, 10 mg freeze-dried samples were digested in 10 μL 3 mol...
b Viral burden in the lungs and brains was analyzed at 2 and 4 dpi by focus-forming assay (FFA) for infectious virus, dashed line represents the limit of detection (LOD). The average ± SD of n = 3 from two independent experiments is shown. Statistical significance was measured...
11.1Elements ofValidated Cleaning Processes 已验证清洁工艺的要素 Avalidated cleaning process depends on multiple aspects to ensure consistencyand reproducibility, with the mostcritical aspects monitored. Changesto these elements are controlled via change management.The fishbone diagramin Figure11.1 illustrates...
The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of EtG and EtS in blood were 0.02 µg/mL and 0.05 µg/mL, respectively. We redissolved the residues with 100 µL of 5% acetonitrile in water to quantitate the concentrations below the LOQ. Table 2 Linearity range and ...