The definition of 𝛼→ thus consists of re-parametrizing the hybridization thermodynamics on three classes of base pairing errors. To this aim, we split the total enthalpy and entropy into different contributions stemming from the different interactions involved in the duplex, Δ𝐻(𝐿,𝛼→)...
2,3,4. The All of Us Research Program is a longitudinal cohort study aiming to enrol a diverse group of at least one million individuals across the USA to accelerate biomedical research and improve human health5,6. Here we describe the...
theglobin,ovalbumin, andsilk fibroingenes), non-coding RNAs, and regulatory elements that control gene expression22,23. Approximately 40–50% of the total human DNA
The basic packaging unit, the nucleosome, consists of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer, containing two copies of each of the histone proteins H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. The positioning of these nucleosomes along the genome is important for control of gene ...
RNA was extracted from hpCAFs (approximately 106 cells) or 2/3 cryosections of pancreatic lesion tissue using Trizol (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer's instruction. cDNA synthesis for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out with LunaScript RT Super Mix (NEB) according to the...
Briefly, PDAC cells were seeded into 6-well plates and cultured for approximately 24 h. The culture medium was then discarded, and the cells were lysed using the NADP+/NADPH extraction reagent provided in the kit. The NADP+/NADPH ratio in the cell lysates was then measured according to the...
By using the Digital Differential Display (DDD) software, and as previously described [7,8], we foundin silicoa list of approximately 60 genes for which ESTs were exclusively detected in mouse egg libraries. After localization on the mouse genome [9], we noticed that several of these genes ...
In its simplest form, this signaling pathway consists of a histidine kinase that regulates the activity of a response regulator and its attached output domain by phosphotransfer. Although these two-component system regulators are predominantly found in prokaryotes, the system has also been co-opted ...
Summary of the algorithm used to identify a set of HPO term annotated to diseases. See Material and Methods for explanations. The algorithm consists of three steps. First, the initial set of terms is filtered with TFIDF for the creation of clustering seeds (lines 1–3). Second, these clust...
More than two hundred papers have reported genome-wide data from ancient humans. While the raw data for the vast majority are fully publicly available testifying to the commitment of the paleogenomics community to open data, formats for both raw data and