the Evolution of VirusesGiant Virusesthe Simplest Bacteriathe Last Universal DNA Molecule.Since viruses are the first form of life on Earth, it can be shown that it was viruses that formed and spread biological life on the planet. The evolutionary tr...
Viruses are the most abundant life forms and the repertoire of viral genes is greater than that of cellular genes. It is also evident that viruses have played a major role in driving cellular evolution, and yet, viruses are not part of mainstream biology, nor are they included in the Tree...
As we explain this week, the pandemic has seen a new set ofbiochemicaland computational tools come to the fore in predicting the evolution of viruses. One approach is called “deep mutational scanning”, which observes random changes in a pathogen’s crucialproteinsunder laboratory conditions. Usin...
The evolution of seasonal influenza viruses is an important source of disease burden, as it allows for the reinfection of previously infected or vaccinated individuals Given that 5–15% of the global human population is infected with seasonal influenza viruses each year, it is surprising that new ...
Westgeest, K. B. et al. Genomewide analysis of reassortment and evolution of human influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulating between 1968 and 2011.J. Virol.88, 2844–2857 (2014). PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar Smith, D. J. et al. Mapping the antigenic and genetic evolution of influenza ...
Despite intensive year-round sequencing and antigenic characterization of global influenza A viruses, major aspects of influenza A virus evolution and epidemiology remain poorly understood. In particular, the dominant model of influenza A virus evolution by long-term 'antigenic drift', while clearly of...
RNA viruses provide unique insights into the patterns and processes of evolutionary change in real time. The study of viral evolution is especially topical given the growing awareness that emerging and re-emerging diseases (most of which are caused by RNA viruses) represent a major threat to publi...
Structure and Behavior of Viruses: An Introduction 1. Defining the Ecology of Viruses 2. An Introduction to Viral Taxonomy and the Proposal of Akamara, a Potential Domain for the Genomic Acellular Agents 3. Virus Morphology, Replication, and Assembly 4. An Introduction to the Evolutionary Ecology...
whichencouragestheevolutionwithinthemofvirusespredisposedtojumpthespeciesbarrierandinfectothersortsofanimals. Atthemoment, theevidenceismixed.促使病毒在它们体内进化，从而有可能跨越物种屏障，感染其他种类的动物。目前，证据比较混乱。InfavouroftheideaisanexperimentconductedrecentlybyCaraBrookoftheUniversityofCalifornia, ...
The success of many viruses depends upon cooperative interactions between viral genomes. However, whenever cooperation occurs, there is the potential for ‘cheats’ to exploit that cooperation. We suggest that: (1) the biology of viruses makes viral coop