Predicting the evolution of a large system of units using its structure of interaction is a fundamental problem in complex system theory. And so is the problem of reconstructing the structure of interaction from temporal observations. Here, we find an intricate relationship between predictability and ...
Our research demonstrates that to make changes stick, it is not enough for leaders to know “what” interventions to use. It also requires understanding “how” to implement them well at scale. In many systems, well-intentioned changes fizzle out. Stagnating school systems...
In addition, there has been interest in node activation observing as a testing approach for ML models, more specificallyartificial neural networks(NN) (Pei et al., 2017,Tian et al., 2018,Xie et al., 2019). As the results indicate that different kinds of inputs tend to activate different...
First, data collection may be enriched with regards to underrepresented views, including one or more group study sessions dedicated to capturing the experiences of such individuals, without dilution or bias from influence of subgroups that tend to be over-represented [48]. In our study, a small ...
It is important to note that the degree of customization available varies significantly with the choice of construction tool: high-level tools tend to support standard thematic maps, while low-level tools enable the creation of tailored map designs, often necessitating programming. Yet, given that ...
initially drawn from a normal distribution with meanr = 0.01 and varianceσ2that can be zero (i.e. no variance, all descent groups have the same growth rate), low (σ2 = 0.05), intermediate (σ2 = 0.1) or high (σ2 = 0.2). These values have been chosen so ...
A system is a set of things—people, cells, molecules, or whatever - interconnected in such a way that they produce their own pattern of behavior over time. The system may be buffeted, constricted, triggered, or driven by outside forces. But the system’s response to these forces is cha...
The macrophage pathway model presented here, drawn using the mEPN scheme, explores some of the challenges associated with meeting the various demands of a pathway diagram. We hope it will prove to be a useful resource for macrophage biologists, as well as an important contribution to the debate...
Cities and their growing resource demands threaten global resource security. This study identifies the hotspots of imports in cities to redirect resources to where they are most needed, based on the system overall resource effectiveness to maximise the u
The use of existing large pumping station equipment for upstream residual water reverse power generation is an unrealized yet valuable renewable energy project. At present, some large axial flow pump stations have begun to perform reverse power generatio