2. THEORETICAL BASIS AND SETTING This paper describes a method of teaching the various systems analysis and design techniques using activity diagrams. The diagrams used can be drawn by students individually, in groups, and by the instructor. As will be shown in this paper, by the end of the...
的管理理论。So, what is a system? A system is a set of things—people, cells, molecules, or whatever - interconnected in such a way that they produce their own pattern of behavior over time. The system may be buffeted, constricted, triggered, or driven by outside forces. But the syste...
They tend to be the first words patterns used when talking with children, and hence, the first basic words used by children [86]. Among other things, what makes the basic-level universal is its “accessibility”—its ease of understanding and use. The terms that express these concepts tend...
research teams might explore the potential of having workshops build on earlier diagrams, adding content believed to be as or more important as what was included in prior sessions. It has been argued that systems thinking and systems science methods, such as system dynamics, remain underutilized ...
Predicting the evolution of a large system of units using its structure of interaction is a fundamental problem in complex system theory. And so is the problem of reconstructing the structure of interaction from temporal observations. Here, we find an intricate relationship between predictability and ...
(but with many more nodes) to show that certain statistical properties of real-world product development task networks, such as a small-world structure, tend to accelerate design convergence. The few nodes that are highly connected in such networks also have greater influence on problem-solving ...
It is important to note that the degree of customization available varies significantly with the choice of construction tool: high-level tools tend to support standard thematic maps, while low-level tools enable the creation of tailored map designs, often necessitating programming. Yet, given that ...
The solutions tend to focus on the ‘human dimension’ [1, 2•, 3], notably how people themselves can collectively solve the problems they have created at sea, through improved ocean use and governance. This, then, is about positive interactions of people and oceans. The article explores ...
There is general agreement amongst biologists about the need for good pathway diagrams and a need to formalize the way biological pathways are depicted. However, implementing and agreeing how best to do this is currently the subject of some debate. The m
We have become frustrated at times, but we have always found our- selves drawn back, either through our own intellectual curiosity (or inertia!), or through the needs of stakeholders and research users. What has been consistent throughout is the ability of systems mapping approaches to provide...