Sign in to download full-size image Fig. 1.Zenith angle, slope, surface azimuth angle and solar azimuth angle for tilted surface. View article
direction to the sun and the normal to the surface is referred to as the solar zenith angle, y 0 . The view zenithangle, y, is the angle betweenthe directionof the observer and the normal to the surface. The relative azimuth angle, f, is the angle between the direction of the inciden...
The dependence of the 3D radiative effects on aerosol optical thickness, aerosol type, surface albedo distribution, solar azimuth and zenith angle and spectral channel is discussed. The analysis was done for channels 3 (459-479 nm) and 2 (841-876 nm) of the MODIS radiometer. In the ...
2. Orientation of the sunlight is defined using the zenith angle θi and azimuth angle ϕi, where subscript i refers incident wave. Polarization state is determined by the polarization angle ψi. It is the angle between electric field \(\varvec{\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\script...
In this study, in order to visualise the impact of the urban surface on reflected short-wave radiation, locations of maximum specular reflection were calculated as a function of solar azimuth angle and distance of maximum reflection of solar irradianceRs=zR/tanΘwith sun elevation angle Θ and ...
additional design-specific tests may be added to address possible instrument artifacts. Artifacts can include characterization of change in response as a function of scan angle, detector uniformity, or specifically for spectrometers, spatial “keystone” or spectral “smile” responses (Mouroulis & McKer...
第一题 class Solution { public: vector<int> luckyNumbers (vector<vector<int>>& matrix) { ...
and MLR. Santi et al.50proposed the ANN-based approach to estimate daily soil moisture at 10 km spatial resolution. They used backscatter, local incidence angle, azimuth angle, Latitude, Longitude information from Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), and soil moisture information from International Soil ...
DHI≤ 0.8 × Isc, and (v) BHI≤ Isc where Isc is the solar constant equal to 1366.1 W/m2 [29]. Solar geometry parameters, such as azimuth angle (Az), zenith angle (Sza) and elevation (El) were estimated for all locations using astronomical calculations. For parameterizing cloud influe...
Here, 𝜃𝑎θa is the solar azimuth angle and 𝐿L is the step size of length. Figure 3. Schematic of the shadow submodel of the MUSE model. It illustrates the shadow geometry formed by building A. Here, the shaded area denotes the actual shape of the building’s shadow calculated ...