Virions of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and a mutant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) had14 and73 spikes per particle, respectively, with some clustering of HIV-1 spikes. Three-dimensional averaging showed that the surface glycoprotein (gp120) 'head' of each subunit of...
"More generally, if we can unpick the structures then we can compare the systems of different viruses and gain new understanding of how they work." Keith Alcorn of the HIV information service NAM added: "Encouraging the virus to mutate is not a new idea, but it is one of a number of ...
Virus particles, called virions, contain the viral genome encapsidated in a protein coat. The function of the coat is to protect the genome of the virus in the extracellular environment as well as to bind to a new host cell and introduce the genome into it. Viral genomes are small and ...
The crystal structure of the protease of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which releases structural proteins and enzymes from viral polyprotein products, has been determined to 3 Å resolution. Large regions of the protease dimer, including the active site, have structural homolog...
The crystal structure of a 28 nt RNA fragment containing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev response element high affinity binding site for Rev protein has been solved at 1.6 resolution. The overall structure of the RRE helix is greatly distorted from A -form geometry by the...
Getah virus (GETV), a member of the genus alphavirus, is a mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause pyrexia and reproductive losses in animals. Although antibodies to GETV have been found in over 10% of healthy people, there are no reports of clinical symp
infectivityofthesevirusesismostly dependentontheenvelope.Themostwell- knownexamplesofenvelopedvirusesarethe influenzavirus,HepatitisCandHIV. Complex Thesevirusstructureshaveacombinationoficosahedral andhelicalshapeandmayhaveacomplexouterwallor head-tailmorphology.Thehead-tailmorphologystructure ...
HIV-1 proteinase processes its virally encoded polyproteins into mature structural proteins and enzymes that are essential for viral propagation. As a consequence the proteinase is an attractive target for prospective antiviral agents for the treatment o
ofEasternEuropePWIDco-infectionEstonia is experiencing the new Eastern Europe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, with the highest incidence of new infections in the EU. We describe demographic changes, HIV-related laboratory parameters and co-infections during the concentrated HIV epidemic using...
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) constitute a major threat to human health. The IAV genome consists of eight single-stranded viral RNA segments contained in separate viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes that are packaged together into a single virus partic