HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus which targets the immune system of a person. With time, this HIV weakens and eventually damages the immune system of the individual. The body starts to lose the ability to defend itself against germs, bacteri
Despite extensive effort, V1/V2 had resisted atomic-level char- acterization. Here we report crystal structures of the V1/V2 domain of HIV-1 gp120 from clade C strains CAP45 and ZM109 in complexes with the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of PG9 at 2.19- and 1.80-A˚ resolution, ...
1A). This suggests that the deleterious action of the single Y164F mutation in HIV-1 CA might be rescued by the acquisition of a second-site mutation, F161Y, which would restore the conserved amino acid set. To probe for such structurally essential and potentially correlated pairs in the ...
Secondary structure probing of the isolated ssA7 locus revealed that the ISS element folds into a stem loop structure with an exposed AGUGA apical loop (Fig. 1); however, a recent SHAPE model of the entire HIV-1 genome showed that the AGUGA sequence is involved in base pairing to form ...
Under a Creative Commons license open accessThe membrane-proximal external region (MPER) C-terminal segment and the transmembrane domain (TMD) of gp41 are involved in HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated fusion and modulation of immune responses during viral infection. However, the atomic structure ...
This review summarizes the relevant literature focusing on studies using structural biology to reveal and define HIV-1 Env sites of vulnerability; to improve Env trimers, by creating more stable versions; understanding antibody responses in preclinical vaccination studies at the atomic level; ...
It is worth mentioning that several universities /research organizations have also contributed to the development of its therapeutics, for example, including Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, California Institute for Biomedical Research, Duke NeuroSurgery, Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and ...
Crystal structures have recently revealed how the unique protein fold of these proteins enables the catalysis of transport. The proteins have 12 transmembrane spans built from a replicated trimer substructure. This enables 4 trimer substructures to move relative to each other, and thereby alternately ...
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HIV-1 Vpr is a prototypic member of a large family of structurally related lentiviral virulence factors that antagonize various aspects of innate antiviral immunity. It subverts host cell DNA repair and protein degradation machineries by binding and