The approach to spinal surgery, as for percutaneous vertebro-plasty (PV), is often defined in terms of the trajectories determined by various spinal and paraspinal anatomical structures such as the spinal canal, paravertebral soft tissues, and osseous anatomy. There are two basic approaches to ...
Atlas (C1) and axis (C2) are the first two cervical vertebrae and are named separately due to their distinctive anatomical features. They reside in the spine's craniovertebral junction, where the base of the skull meets the spinal column. The ring-shaped atlas lacks a body and spinous proc...
Define spine fusion. spine fusion synonyms, spine fusion pronunciation, spine fusion translation, English dictionary definition of spine fusion. Noun 1. spinal fusion - correction of an unstable part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae; usually
The significant anatomic landmarks for differentiating the approaches to the cervical spine presented in Table 1.1 are the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the carotid sheath, and the longus coli muscle (Fig. 1B). Categorization is based on the direction of approach relative to these specific structures,...
measured and studied for their anatomy landmarks according to the approach.The data,including incision,exposed range,sympathetic nerve,arch of azygos vein and thoracic duct was measured and analyzed.Results:By this approach,the length of skin incision was about(22.88±1.70)cm.We could get a ...
Dendritic spines are small protrusions on dendrites that endow neurons with the ability to receive and transform synaptic input. Dendritic spine number and morphology are altered as a consequence of synaptic plasticity and circuit refinement during adole
Posterior Anatomy The lumbarpediclestend to be short and medially inclined. The transverse diameter of the pedicles ranges from 8 to 18 mm. The height of the lumbarpedicleis approximately 15 mm on average. The lumbar pedicle axis is directed approximately 7 degrees medially at L1 and increases...
It also best helps assess the osseous anatomy of surrounding spine prior to surgical stabilization. However the sensitivity is only 66% while its diagnostic accuracy is about 89%.25 MRI has the greatest sensitivity (98.5%) and specificity (98.9%) with an overall accuracy of 98.7%.25 It is ...
Tibial spine (eminence) fractures are often referred to as the pediatric equivalent of an adult anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. They occur predominantly in the pediatric population owing to the relative weakness of their ligaments and incomplete ossification of epiphyseal bone. Historically, thes...
The complementary measurements quantified the head orientation and the linear displacement of the head and the pelvis. We measured the 2D position of bony landmarks in the image reference frame using the STEREOS 2D toolbox (Fig. 1). We assessed the following variables: The orientation of the ...