Environmental warming in shallow lakes: a review of effects on community structure as evidenced from space- for-time substitution approach. Adv. Ecol. Res. 46, 259-350.Meerhoff, M., Teixeira-de Mello, F., Kruk, C., Alonso, C., Gonza´lez-Bergonzoni, I., Pacheco, J.P., Lacerot...
Questions: Can trends derived from chronosequences (space) be compared with those derived from repeated surveys (time) to validate the use of space-for-time substitution? Can this approach provide insight into the dynamics of vegetation in rehabilitating forests? Location: Rehabilitating coastal dune...
An alternative approach for longer-term studies is to use space-for–time-substitution (Pickett, 1989) that assume that the reference and the treated sites of different ages are similar in all except the treatment conditions. This assumption, however, rarely holds in natural systems (Downes, ...
I feel more and more that design is not so important in the design of living space. Carefully experience, listen, and feel a sense of substitution to approach and understand the real needs of the host
and forecasts of the complete substitution of workers by robots in many production areas were made. Today, these perspectives are being revised. It seems that all machines, even the smartest ones, must cooperate with humans. Rather than replacing humans, the present need appears to be for an ...
for some nonzero scalar function \(\sigma \) . the equivalence is proven in the next proposition 2.3 . \(\bullet \) timelike unit vector a lorentzian manifold is doubly-warped if and only if there is a time-like unit vector field such that: $$\begin{aligned}&\nabla _i u_j =...
原则上来说,上一篇文章的impulse responsed那一块的算法(direct approach)就是可行的(可以总结为“backward+forward induction”,先通过渐进稳态EGM做backward induction,再通过Young's method近似出概率转移矩阵然后做forward induction,实际上已经非常快了)。假如我们还想要继续提高效率,那就得动动脑子,挖掘这个问题的...
The time it takes for such a concept has been demonstrated in the order of seconds, and while this device has not been approved for spaceflight yet, it has been evaluated in space-like environments and shows promise for future missions14. Another approach involves the use of variable infrared...
The idea of space–time finite element methods is to adopt the variational approach in the space–time setting such as in [7], where the space–time formulation is used in conjunction with the Galerkin/Least-squares stabilization. This allowed space–time computations for three-dimensional ...
1) time-and-space approach 时间与空间转换 2) transition and change of space 空间过渡与转换 3) conversion from space to time 空间换时间 1. Based on the continuous investigation on soil CO_2 concentration and main environment factor of different vegetation types in similar environment conditions in...