If we have access to the pairwise distance matrix computed at the first step of the algorithm, which has a space complexity of \(\mathcal{O}(n^2)\), the time complexity to retrieve all the distances between two components is \(\mathcal{O}((\frac{n}{c})^2 \times t_{access})\...
In one-hot encoding, although the implementation is easy and straightforward, space complexity is very high for large vocabulary size. In our example, we have a limited number of dimensions in vector space. However, in a vocabulary with a size of 10 million words, the representations of words...
In summary, this algorithm constructs the auxiliary network (or, equivalently, a bipartite graph) and determines from an unassigned row k to an unassigned column j an alternative path of minimal total reduced cost and uses it to augment the solution26. In practice, despite time complexity O(L3...
The data naturally appear in the so-called reciprocal space as intensity as a function of wavevector. Clearly, from the definition of ρ(r), this function is a direct representation of the real structure and exists in real space as a function of position. These two domains are linked by ...
Strong international competition calls for a coordinated European effort towards the development of QT in and for space, including research and development of technology in the areas of communication and sensing. Here, we aim at summarizing the state of the art in the development of quantum ...
The identification problem is a well-known issue in latent variable modeling from both a structural equation modeling and item response theory perspective and refers to the fact that the location and scale of a latent variable is, by definition, arbitrary, whereas with observed data, the location...
The coordination complexity, administrative and bureaucratic overhead this would introduce would create a major barrier to growth in the Web of Data.The last point becomes especially clear when one considers the size of many data sets that are part of the Web of Data. For instance, the Geo...
use training sequences for channel acquisition and tracking, before decoding the transmitted data. However, practical limitations such as the receiver complexity and the training sequence overhead (which implies a reduction of the information rate) may be too restrictive and prohibitive in some cases....
Its complexity allows the inclusion of associated stories of people who interact with the places over time. These stories can be intertwined in the material aspects of the specific site, mediated by tools that allow not only rich interpretation but also engagement, both with the stories and the ...
A consequence is that the word problem of a free group is solvable in log space; at present, this seems to be the only way of establishing this fact. The case of linear groups over fields of non-zero characteristic is considered in Simon [1979]; and parallel complexity models are applied...