In the 18th century there was no theoretical reflection on the firm, but when the topics of the firm and of entrepreneurs became central in the 19th and 20th centuries, the civil economy tradition gave a great deal of attention to cooperation and cooperative enterprises, which were seen as a...
When the cantons united to form a federal state in the mid-19th century, the modern tools of democratic participation in government first appeared in Switzerland. The people’s legislative initiative appeared at the end of the 19th century, marking the official start of direct democracy in the ...
In the Philippines, Boracay Island (with an area of 10.32 km2) was closed to tourists for six months in 2018 in order to limit tourism pressures, despite many concerns of regional economic losses. This study reveals that the uneven distribution of tourism pressure between individual protected ...
The process included the georeferencing of a nineteenth century archival map of the area in order to digitize relevant settlements in this quadrant of the drainage basin. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) predictive modelling was then undertaken as a preparatory step to SNA analysis. The results ...
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, ...
The transportation infrastructure is a crucial component of social capital, as it aids in fostering national economic growth. The speed of resource elements’ spatial movement is increased by high-speed railways (HSR), thereby affecting the intensity and
Footnote 1 Their works indicated how modernisation and rationalisation may have contributed to the declining influence of religion, where secular statehood came from, and how European imperialism in the late 19th and 20th century transformed both religion and the secular. Lately, however, an ...
The countries of Myanmar (Burma), Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand are considered Mainland Southeast Asia, as are Vietnam and the Malay Peninsula, Brunei, East Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines are considered Maritime Southeast Asia, as are Singapore and Timor-Leste. The Seven Sister States ...
It is notable that Melaka had a special and significant status in the formation process of the East Asian maritime world. One of the most important goods Melaka dealt with was spice. From the early 16th century to the first half of the 19th century, in the East Asian maritime world, Spain...
That began to change in the late 19th century as agriculture became of greater interest to colonial administrators (Buzeta and Brave, 1851; Cavada, 1876). The first civic census of the Philippines, an item comparable to the U.S.-era censuses in intent, design and organising principles, was...