The Expanded Susceptibility to Smoking Index (ESSI) is based on the combination of susceptibility to smoking and curiosity about smoking. The ESSI can identify young people who are at risk of starting to smoke cigarettes and related products. The objecti
Since 2003, Freedom Laser has been providing a drug-free solution to assist smokers in permanently overcoming nicotine addiction. Our low-level laser therapy procedure is designed to alleviate nicotine withdrawal symptoms, making the quitting process easier for individuals to stop smoking or vaping. Yo...
Nevertheless, while stratification by smoking status is important for interpretations of inequalities in vaping, stratification can also introduce a phenomenon known as collider bias [36,37], which can arise when conditioning on a variable that is determined by both the exposure of interest and other...
[22], analyzed data from the 2016 (Wave 1) International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Smoking and Vaping Survey (ITC 4CV) in four countries (United States (US), Canada, England, and Australia) and found that among adults who currently smoke, the most commonly reported reasons ...
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Although non-pharmacological smoking cessation measures have been widely used among smokers, current research evidence on the effects of smoking cessation is inconsistent and of mixed quality. Moreover, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence synthesis
estimates, the number of THR users in Pakistan is somewhere between 30,000 and 50,000 with unreliable evidence of dual use of conventional smoking and vaping. Most of the vaping outlets in Pakistan are in the upscale localities of major cities such as Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, and ...
Enhanced Vehicle Condition:Real-time monitoring of smoking and vaping allows for minimizing the time smoke remains in the vehicle and the overall smoking frequency in the fleet, resulting in cleaner cars and maintaining resale value Scalability:Automated systems can easily be scaled across large fleet...
we addressed the problem of accounting for sampling variability and provided confidence intervals for the estimates of the parameters and compartment sizes. To this end, due to the unavailability of the likelihood function associated with the model, we relied on a parametric bootstrap procedure [29,...
The social norms and beliefs of teenage male electronic cigarette use. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2013;12(4):300-307.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 27. Gostin LO, Glasner AY. E-cigarettes, vaping, and youth. JAMA. 2014;312(6):595-596.ArticlePubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 28. Collaco JM, ...