Utilising the concepts of motivation for representation of number, and of 'formal-shift' (Catford, 1965), this paper demonstrates that in spite of the lack of a grammatical category of number, there is a coherent mechanism that expresses number distinction in Japanese, either implicitly or ...
2. Newmark’s semantic translation is similar to Nida’s formal equivalence. However, Newmark distances himself from the full principle of equivalent effect in one case: ‘if the text is out of TL space and time’. He explains by stating that the effect becomes ‘inoperant’. NOTES: 1. ...
without dropping necessary qualifiers and hedging.Translationsof claims to formal or other natural languages may also be considered similogs to the translated original, based on (sufficient) equivalence of meaning.
Translation from English to CLCE The denominator D is the set of every AMI case x where the age of x is at least 35, and x is not transferred; The numerator N is the set of every patient x in the denominator D where x is prescribed a drug y on date z for w days, and y is...
Newmark’sTranslationsvs.Nida’s Equivalence: 1.Thisdescriptionofcommunicativetranslation resemblesNida’sdynamicequivalenceintheeffectitis tryingtocreateontheTTreader. 2.Newmark’ssemantictranslationissimilartoNida’s formalequivalence. However,Newmarkdistanceshimselffromthefull ...
The main result is a categorical equivalence between the categories of algebras (i.e., all the possible semantics) over the objects in these formalisms up to the provided syntactical transformation, namely that all these frameworks are essentially the same from a semantic perspective....
Schwartz, D.G.: Fuzzy inference in a formal theory of semantic equivalence. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 31, 205–216 (1989) MATH MathSciNetSchwartz D.G. (1989). Fuzzy inference in a formal theory of semantic equivalence. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, v. 31, pp. 205–216. MATH MathSciNet...
Formal logic - Semantic Tableaux, Proofs, Rules: Since the 1980s another technique for determining the validity of arguments in either PC or LPC has gained some popularity, owing both to its ease of learning and to its straightforward implementation by c
On the other hand, the equivalence of topical themes suggests to the reader that rheme of II involves opposition with rheme I, since the use ofOTCwould otherwise be problematic. However, an interesting point revealed by an examination of the rhemes is that the rhemes of I and II are in op...
necessity between the occurrence of the components. The so-calledweak ‘implication’is the more direct translation of the logical function into the occurrence logic and the combinatorial system, and therefore, p and q have to represent the opposite occurrence propositions as compared to strong ...