Coding rubrics were used to code all of the student-generated models in the drawing pretests and posttests and in the in-class collaborative drawing activity. The pretest and posttest models were drawn on paper by individual students, whereas those drawn during class were made in groups using ...
in terms of contingency) is relevant; the duration of the groups’ independent working time, should also be taken into account. It seems reasonable to assume that scaffolded or contingent support takes more time than non-scaffolded support, given that diagnosing students’ understanding first before ...
We began with immersing ourselves in the data by reading the entire set of interview transcripts while searching for meaning and patterns prior to formal coding (Braun and Clarke, 2019). Once we were re-familiarized with the data, and ideas for coding noted, the next stage of data analysis...
Growing up with AI: Cognimates: From coding to teaching machines, Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2018) Google Scholar Edwards et al., 1998 C.P. Edwards, L. Gandini, G.E. Forman The hundred languages of children: The Reggio Emilia approach--advanced reflections Gree...
As we can see on the graph, there is a phase change at 1.0, meaning that from this value a good number of adjacencies can be proposed. Increasing the multiplicative factor does not qualitatively change the results. This experiment was repeated for different numbers of simulated fissions (see...
(Vygotsky and Cole, 1978). The ZPD means a challenge is appropriate for student learning, meaning that it is neither too challenging to be discouraging nor too boring to be uninteresting. Dynamic scaffolding means students are far more likely to be in their ZPD than traditional lectures which ...
(5–8 years old) and reported the following scaffolding techniques: modeling, scolds, praise, repetition, explanations of the answer, convergent questions, focus on meaning, and focus on word recognition and phonics. As mentioned in the previous section, some other authors discerned explicitly or ...
Fig. 1. Visual representation of the method of elimination for inclusion in synthesis. 3.4. Analysis of studies We developed a coding scheme to analyze the remaining 41 studies. This included grade level, subject area, study duration, scaffolding modes, and contingent processes. These areas were ...
The IMPROVE metacognitive scaffolding in the current study's Meta environment led to PSTs' greater ability to design HOT-PCK learning units that integrated HOT skills for infusing meaning into a learner-centered curriculum. These results coincide with Dignath and Veenman's [5] recent evidence-...
Intersubjectivity here has the very specific meaning of partial sharing of perspectives. Thus, most definitions point to similar characteristics. Which of these should be considered defining characteristics depends on the context in which the concept is used. For example, reviewing a decade of research...