Roles of the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathways in malignant transformation and drug resistance. The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling cascades play critical roles in the transmission of signals from growth factor receptors to regulate gene e... J Mccubrey - 《Adv Enzyme Regu...
Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Kempf RC, Long J, Laidler P, et al. Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathways in controlling growth and sensitivity to therapy-implications for cancer and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 3: 192-222....
Thus in advanced prostate cancer, it may be advantageous to induce Raf/MEK/ERK expression to promote cell cycle arrest, while in hematopoietic cancers it may be beneficial to inhibit Raf/MEK/ERK induced proliferation and drug resistance. Thus the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway has different effects on ...
Tumor-intrinsic signaling induces the exclusion and dysfunction of effective immunocytes. Oncogenic drivers of tumors, including β-catenin, STAT3, PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR, p53, NF-κB, and RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling, are activated in the tumor microenvironment. These oncogenic signaling pathways not only ...
Moreover, the X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST)/miR-424-5p/OGT axis regulates RAF1 glycosylation, impacting liver cancer growth [49]. Long non-coding RNA RHPN1-AS1 is significantly upregulated in CRC cell lines, facilitating CRC progression by modulating the miR-7-5p/OGT axis [50]. ...
Enolase, a multifunctional protein with diverse isoforms, has generally been recognized for its primary roles in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The shift in isoform expression from α-enolase to neuron-specific γ-enolase extends beyond its enzymatic role. Enolase is essential for neuronal survival, di...
regulatory role in the activation of Raf-1 kinase within the ERK-MAPK pathway, keeping it inactive in the absence of extracellular signals and stabilizing its active configuration when extracellular signals are present.13Their broad interaction with kinases emphasizes their essential role in signal ...
Photo: Hercules in New York RAF Industries 25 Hercules Arnold Schwarzenegger, Hercules in New YorkBefore he became the Terminator, 22-year-old Arnold Schwarzenegger landed his first gig playing the titular character in the 1969 adventure Hercules in New York. It would become a role the future go...
In a mouse model of liver fibrosis, IL-9 was found to activate the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. IL-9 antibodies were shown to improve hepatic fibrosis, which is consistent with studies on pulmonary fibrosis disease [93]. Th9 cells signaling through IL-9/IL-9R have a dual function in...
Peroxisomes are primarily studied in the brain, kidney, and liver due to the conspicuous tissue-specific pathology of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders. In contrast, little is known about the role of peroxisomes in other tissues such as the heart. In this meta-analysis, we explore mitochondrial and...