Given the established similarities between loot boxes and many conventional forms of gambling, and the relatively low cost (and financial risk) of any individual loot box purchase, loot boxes may be considered examples of relatively low-risk gambling simulations in gaming contexts. Thus, loot boxes ...
different neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders share phenotypic features, etiologies, and aberrant neurobiological processes. Indeed, there are multiple examples of distinct disorders that are characterized by common pathophysiological mechanisms. For example, anxiety disorders and mood disorders...
A summary comparison of computational approaches to reward learning. The columns distinguish the two chief approaches in the computational literature: model-based versus model-free. The rows show the potential application of those approaches to instrumental versus Pavlovian forms of reward learning (or, ...
His theory is somewhat reminiscent of the controversial James– Lange theory of emotions, which has been criticized for favoring biological reductionism. Yet, it opens up the possibility of placing both emotions and feelings in an evolutionary perspective that considers their biological role in ...