subtracts the sample mean (weighted local mean) as well as the central value of the kernel using a spatial-range neighborhood (Supplementary Notes2and3, Supplementary Fig.S5, Supplementary TableS1)17,18. The MS is a vector that always points towards the direction of the intensity gradient ...
To remove the out-of-focus information and obtain the whole structure of a 3D sample, Neil et al.15,23introduced the OS-SIM algorithm. Unlike light-sheet microscopy24,25,26, which uses paired orthogonal optical pathways to confine illumination to a single plane and provides intrinsic optical s...
This definition applies to biological super-resolution microscopy as well. However, what qualifies as “super-resolution” for microscopy images is strictly defined by the diffraction limit of ~200 nm. In contrast, what qualifies as “super-resolution” for natural images is more loosely defined ...
The estimated level of structural details possessed by the observed map could be used for evaluation of the highest-resolution limit of the cryo-EM map areas interpreted by the model. Results and Discussion Cryo-EM is a fast-developing technique in structural biology which, since a few years, ...
We present pandora, a novel pan-genome graph structure and algorithms for identifying variants across the full bacterial pan-genome. As much bacterial adaptability hinges on the accessory genome, methods which analyze SNPs in just the core genome have un
4.3. Optimization based on genetic algorithm Since our optimization problem is multi-objective in nature we need to employ a heuristic solution. We use a weighted sum multiple-objective GA, which suggests the definition of objectives by functions, Objs, and then assign- ment of weights, Ws, to...
A general definition of support is “the largest time interval [T], area [L2] or volume [L3] for which the property of interest is considered homogeneous” [57]. The spatial resolution of an observation can be equated with its spatial support, and its temporal resolution with its temporal ...
The Baptist Faith & Message 2000 says that “the gift of gender is…part of the goodness of God’s creation” (BF&M 2000, “III. Man”). So our confessional statement already has a faithful, biblical definition of gender. The hope is that this resolution will apply our confession to ...
(Fig.3d). This demonstrates an unprecedented resolution in optical microscopy by distinguishing structures closer than one nanometre. We note that our resolution claim is based on the most fundamental and strict definition: the ability to spatially distinguish point objects. We measured a distance of...
Explaining the diversity and complexity of protein localization is essential to fully understand cellular architecture. Here we present cytoself, a deep-learning approach for fully self-supervised protein localization profiling and clustering. Cytoself l