activity-independent manner [45]. Interestingly, loss ofRanBP2andHDAC7significantly reduces the size and number of PML NBs, while knockdown ofPIAS1increases PML NBs [42,43,44,45]. Several pathways or factors have been found to promote PML desumoylation including the SUMO-specific protease (SEN...
The last decade has revealed new roles for Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) in a myriad of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression. In addition to CRL1, also named SCF (SKP1-Cullin 1-F box protein), which has been known for decades as an important factor in the regulatio...
The ubiquitin system is complex, multifaceted, and is crucial for the modulation of a vast number of cellular processes. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated at different levels by a range of enzymes including E1s, E2s, and E3s, and an array of DUBs. The UPS directs protein degradation through ...
Importantly, Klotho-dependent cellular transport regulation implies stimulatory or inhibitory effects. Klotho has been shown to play a key role in the regulation of multiple calcium and potassium ion channels, and various cellular carriers including the Na+-coupled cotransporters such as NaPi-IIa, ...
This discovery led to the recognition of ROS as essential players in many cellular processes, including cell cycle progression. ROS influence cell cycle progression in a context-dependent manner via phosphorylation and ubiquitination of CDKs and cell cycle regulatory molecules. We show that ROS often...
A matter of life and (cell) death...Maintaining cellular energy balance is a key challenge for multicellular organisms. Nutrient availability and requirements are always in flux. At times, cells need to die for the health of the organism. The programming responsible for this sacrificial cell ...
Glutamine is highly consumed by most cancer cells and is considered the second cellular demand after glucose [39, 40]. Glutaminolysis is an essential process by which glutamine is converted to tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites (α-ketoglutarate) by a series of enzymes. The TCA cycle ...
On the other hand, BR regulates multiple cellular and physiological processes, with cell elongation being the major one. Many BR signaling components have been identified, and the signal transduction pathway from receptor kinase to the BZR transcription factors has been characterized in detail. In ...
Recently, the cellular quality-control process of mitophagy has attracted considerable research interest; however, the limited availability of suitable chemical probes has restricted our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. Current approaches to initiate mitophagy include acute dissipation of the...
INTRODUCTION Cellular proliferation is arranged primarily by regulation of the cell cycle, which consists of four distinct sequential phases (G0/G1, S, G2 and M). Cell cycle coordination takes place mainly at G1/S and G2/M transitions at the various checkpoints. Control of cell division is...