The proximate analysis evaluated the yield of the products obtained under controlled heating conditions. These parameters included volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon. Initially, each sample of SD was placed in a fan-assisted oven at 105 °C for 1 h. Once removed from the oven and cooled, ...
The latter also changes roughly exponentially, so we can avoid dynamically adapted lattice spacing along the vertical direction and keep the integration error low for relatively low numbers of grid points. The integration error is controlled by adjusting the integration step to half of its initial ...
The first solution method was the BONMIN solver of GAMS, the second was a discrete–continuous version of the Chu and Beasley genetic algorithm, the third was a discrete–continuous version of the vortex search algorithm (DCVSA), and the fourth was a discrete–continuous version of the ...
In addition, four methods were employed for comparison (most of which were discrete–continuous, as identified in the state of the art), including the BONMIN solver of GAMS. This paper makes the following contributions: i. A new approach for the discrete–continuous version of the particle ...
Firstly, WCOM will initially have random parameters and solution for solving the optimization problem in Equation (4). Then, the solution position will be updated based on the best results in previous step. In the next step, the swapping between the solutions locations and importing random new ...
Order cost is fixed and is paid to each one of the suppliers for each dispatched order; The number of order units (number of buying); in the research problem, it is assumed that the number of made orders is a linear function; Maintenance cost; the cost of each unit for the unreliable...
The first solution method was the BONMIN solver of GAMS, the second was a discrete–continuous version of the Chu and Beasley genetic algorithm, the third was a discrete–continuous version of the vortex search algorithm (DCVSA), and the fourth was a discrete–continuous version of the ...
The optimal integration of photovoltaic generation systems is a challenge for distribution utilities since these devices have a direct impact on company finances due to the large amount of investment required at the beginning of the planning project. In this investigation, the problem regarding the opt...