In theory, there is no minimum startup threshold limit for the pump- driven heat pipe system. The pumping action produces a high shear rate of the fluid. As the viscosity increases, it is necessary to consider the additional resistance that the fluid exerts on the shear rate. However, ...
. It can be seen in Figure 3 that, during the 120 h process, biofilms formed on the coupons and the biomass increased over time as the coupons were rotated in the model sewage. The biomass of the Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 343 7 of 15 It can be seen in Figure 3 that, during the ...
Thus, it has widely been used in modern industry, machinery and equipment. The drawbacks of the valve-controlled system are: (1) a large percentage of power loss in the process of the measure flow going through the direction control valves; (2) throttling loss causes much heat loss, hence...