The traditional PID controller in quadrotor UAVs has poor performance, a large overshoot, and a long adjustment time, which limit its stability and accuracy in practical applications. In order to solve this problem, an improved whale optimization fuzzy P
On the other hand, some researchers rely on the deep knowledge base and rule set of the expert system to optimize the parameters of PID controllers. Based on a comprehensive analysis of system performance and response, this method enables the dynamic adjustment of PID parameters to adapt to ...
The PIDQN optimizes the vehicle’s decision-making process by integrating the feedback from the PID controller with the Q-value update rules of the DQN. This combination enables more accurate and dynamic decision-making, improving the vehicle’s ability to adapt to its environment. Algorithm 2...
Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers have a wide range of applications in the field of RFA temperature control due to their simple structure and easy implementation [15,16,17,18]. However, the temperature system for RFA has characteristics such as non-linearity and hysteresis, wherea...