With combination pills, the more estrogen they have, the more side effects they may cause. These can include: Breast tenderness Nausea Headaches Fatal blood clots (rare) Birth control pills had 150 micrograms of estrogen when they first became available in the 1960s. Most combination pills today...
Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Hogan P, Barnabei VM, Shumaker S, Johnson S, et al. Symptom relief and side effects of postmenopausal hormones: results from the Postmeno- pausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions trial. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92(6):982-8....
Horwitz KB: The antiprogestin RU38 486: receptor-mediated progestin versus antiprogestin actions screened in estrogen-insensitive T47Dco human breast cancer cells. Endocrinology. 1985, 116 (6): 2236-2245. 10.1210/endo-116-6-2236. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Lin VC, Aw SE, Ng EH, ...
Since progestin is similar to progesterone, it also decreases estrogen production which in turn stops a woman from ovulating and having menstrual periods. Progestins block luteinizing hormone (LH) which helps stop ovulation. Progestin is an effective hormone therapy, and is one of the oldest treatm...
The current WHO MEC have the following categories for contraceptives: (1) combined (i.e., estrogen plus progestin) hormonal contraceptives (which aggregate pill, patch, ring and combined injectables), (2) progestogen-only pills, (3) progestogen-only injectables (aggregating DMPA-IM, DMPA-SC an...
Breast cancer is a hormone-dependent disease in which estrogen signaling targeting drugs fail in about 10 % due to resistance. Strong evidences hi
Furthermore, miR-22 has been shown to inhibit estrogen signaling by directly targeting estrogen receptor-α mRNA [46]. In addition, a causal relationship between miR-221 and miR-222 expression and resistance to the anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen has been identified in breast cancer [47, 48]. ...
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2, administration of 1 lg of antide significantly prevented the stimulatory effect of 1 lg (p < 0.01 at 60 and 120 min) or 3 lg (p < 0.01 at 60 and 120 min; p < 0.05 at 240 min) of leptin on lordosis behavior in estrogen-primed rats. Moreover, antide also significantly reduced ...
Classical estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors are thought to be tethered to the inside of the plasma membrane and thus localized outside the nucleus (reviewed in [22]). Many progesterone effects are mediated by a nuclear receptor that is expressed as two isoforms, PRA and PRB, which ...