suis serotype 2 to induce the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-伪), interleukin-1 (IL-1); IL-6 and the chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) by human BMEC and HUVEC, using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. S. ...
The human and pig origin of strains does not seem to affect the intensity of the response; indeed, a very heterogeneous pattern of cytokine and chemokine production was observed for the different strains tested in this study. In situ production of cytokines and chemokines by BMEC may be the ...
Cytokine is a general term used for small secreted proteins that are key modulators of inflammation. Cytokines are produced in response to invading pathogens to stimulate, recruit, and proliferate immune cells. Cytokines includes interleukins (IL), chemokines, interferons,...
Protein studies is revealed that JIA FLS release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, CXCL1, and CXCL6, and lose expression of important regulator signals, such as IL-10 and TIMP2. Of the 84 proteins differentially expressed between controls and JIA in ...
TLRs are highly conserved proteins and have leucine-rich repeats (LRR) in the extracellular part and Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) within cytoplasm, which is capable of initiating the innate immune response (Taverna et al.2022). Interaction between TLRs and HMGB1 triggers cytokines and chemokines sec...
The functions of Kupffer cells during HBV infections are seemingly contradictory. Several studies have shown that upon HBV exposure Kupffer cells are activated to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and subsequently inhibit HBV replication in primary hepatocytes6,7. However, other studies hav...
This CD205+ macrophage population accumulated in the livers of HBs-Tg mice and patients with CHB, and was highly acti- vated, secreting high levels of cytokines and chemokines, suggesting that it contributes to the sustained inflam- mation in HBV-infected livers. It has been reported that ...
associations between maternal DII during pregnancy and 1) offspring cord sera pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1尾, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-伪) and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) at birth and 2) offspring asthma and/or wheeze at age 4 ...
Although Stat4 has been most extensively investigated as a critical mediator for several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-12 and type I interferon in T lymphocytes, it was unknown whether it had any role in vasculogenesis. Several studies have provided clues that the Stat4-...
It has been suggested that oxidative stress activates various intracellular signaling pathways leading to secretion of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. SHP-1 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) which acts as a negative regulator of immune cytokine signaling. However, intracell...