An integrated circuit with precision current source includes a first MOSFET, a second MOSFET, an op-amp and a resistor formed on a common semiconductor substrate. The first MOSFET is characterized by a first multiplier (×M1) and the second MOSFET is characterized by a second multiplier (×M2...
A shunt regulator provides a constant reference voltage across a digital potentiometer that, in conjunction with an op amp and transistor, forms a software-programmable, voltage-controlled current source. With the addition of a few inexpensive miniature components, the hard-wired, voltage-controlled cu...
Current sources, on the other hand, usually require some clever circuit design and greater attention to operational details. Current-Source Architectures There are various ways to design a current source. Before we look at a two-op-amp topology, let’s briefly review some other options. You can...
Another limitation on this circuit is that the output resistance is defined by R1, which needs to be at least a few hundred ohms in order to limit the output of current in the op amp output. Some ADCs need to be driven by a low resistance so buffer amp U3 might be r...
Op Amp Noise The three noise sources in an op amp circuit are the voltage noise of the op amp, the current noise of the op amp (there are two uncorrelated sources, one in each input), and the Johnson noise of the resistances in the circuit. Op amp noise has two components, “white...
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The three noise sources in an op amp circuit are the voltage noise of the op amp, the current noise of the op amp (there are two uncorrelated sources, one in each input), and the Johnson noise of the resistances in the circuit. Op amp noise has two components, “white” noise at me...
Resource Comprehensive library of op amp sub-circuit ideas that you can easily adapt to meet your specific system needs - including a free e-book E-book Analog Engineer’s Pocket Reference Guide Fifth Edition (Rev. C) E-book that puts commonly used analog formulas at your fingertips (registra...
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Buffers on op amp are to remove ambiguity with high-current overload. Output can also drive DVM or DPM. MILLIVOLTMETER An ideal voltmeter has requirements analogous to those discussed for the ammeter, and Figure 13 shows a circuit that will satisfy them. In the most-sensitive position, the ...