The basic model used in this study can be expressed as follows: Poverty indicesit,k=f(Remittances, control variables)(1) where k indicates the type of poverty measure (headcount or gap) used in the analysis. To test this hypothesis, we used two poverty indicators as dependent variables: pov...
The previous literature mainly used proxy variables to measure environmental regulation, such as environmental pollution emissions, energy consumption per unit GDP, and other indicators to reflect the intensity of environmental regulation in various regions. Although this method could quickly compare the ove...
In pastoralist and agro-pastoralist areas, wealth and poverty are closely aligned to levels of livestock ownership and social inclusion. Whereas cash income per capita is a useful measure of poverty in non-pastoralist areas, measures of livestock ownersh
The main challenges to be met, said the president, were the alleviation of poverty, improvements in the per capita income and the reduction of the inequality gap. However, he also expressed confidence that they would be fully met in a timely fashion, since he confirmed the fact that the aut...
Living wagesFair wagesFair salaryEthical tradeSocial well-beingS-LCAPurposeThis paper explores the definition of fairness and reviews recent developments for methods, data and models for the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) fair salary subcategory indicator. The living wage gap (LWG) is ...
The basic argument is as follows. In many countries, governments prevent households from falling below a certain minimum income in old age,pmin, by applying a “gap formula” that subsidizes old-age income according to the difference between the annuity value of own accumulated assets at retirem...
For advanced schistosomiasis patients, the gender gap in LE was largely attributed to the difference in mortality among those under the age of 55; the age-specific mortality in women exerted positive influence on the gap at age 25–64 and 75–79 years, with the contribution rate ranging from...
This study makes a significant contribution to the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between rural energy poverty, the urban-rural income gap, and financial development in China, using provincial-level data from 30 regions over the period 2005 to 2023. Unlike previo...
Energy poverty, especially in rural areas, has become a central focus of scholarly and policy discussions. However, there is a significant gap in understanding the impact of religious beliefs on this phenomenon. This paper aims to fill this gap by utiliz
The poverty gap is the difference between a financial threshold that represents a poverty line and the actual income of those whose income is below that line. It is a measure of the severity of poverty. The greater the gap, the worse the poverty in which an individual or family lives. ...