The poverty gap index is additive. In other words, the index can be used as an aggregate poverty measure, as well as be broken down by various sub-groups of the population, such as region, employment sector, education level, gender, age, or ethnic group. Is the Poverty Gap the Same ...
The basic argument is as follows. In many countries, governments prevent households from falling below a certain minimum income in old age,pmin, by applying a “gap formula” that subsidizes old-age income according to the difference between the annuity value of own accumulated assets at retirem...
additive poverty measure添加剂贫穷措施 head count index 人头指数 poverty gap index贫困差距指数 poverty severity index贫困严重程度指数 population share人口中所占比例 share of total总份额 这就是我翻译的
The previous literature mainly used proxy variables to measure environmental regulation, such as environmental pollution emissions, energy consumption per unit GDP, and other indicators to reflect the intensity of environmental regulation in various regions. Although this method could quickly compare the ove...
This measure captures dual aspects of the problems arising from low incomes and the poor energy efficiency of households’ dwellings. Another advantage of an LIHC definition is that it allows the assessment of the so-called “fuel poverty gap.” This gap is the additional income required to ...
For advanced schistosomiasis patients, the gender gap in LE was largely attributed to the difference in mortality among those under the age of 55; the age-specific mortality in women exerted positive influence on the gap at age 25–64 and 75–79 years, with the contribution rate ranging from...
Energy poverty, especially in rural areas, has become a central focus of scholarly and policy discussions. However, there is a significant gap in understanding the impact of religious beliefs on this phenomenon. This paper aims to fill this gap by utiliz
this may be a partial reason whychildren of color don’t do as well academicallyas kids from other groups. Certainlybiased standardized assessments and the high stakes decisions made based on these tests play an even larger role. But at least some of the gap may be caused by lost opportuniti...
Low-carbon transition stands as a vital strategy for the global community to address the challenge of climate change, inevitably affecting residents’ daily lives. However, there is a notable gap in the quantitative analysis of the low-carbon transition
The main challenges to be met, said the president, were the alleviation of poverty, improvements in the per capita income and the reduction of the inequality gap. However, he also expressed confidence that they would be fully met in a timely fashion, since he confirmed the fact that the aut...