(the Rich and the Poor) and characterized by the following stylized facts: a) the main income source of the rural poor is self-employment in traditional activities highly depending on natural resources; b) labor remuneration in rural sector represents the basic opportunity cost for (unskilled) ...
Economic inequality is rising within many countries globally, and this can significantly influence the social vulnerability to natural hazards. We analysed income inequality and flood disasters in 67 middle- and high-income countries between 1990 and 2018 and found that unequal countries tend to suffer...
But they do show that it is the poor countries who should have the maximum interest in addressing the problem of climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has already reported that developing countries will be twice more vulnerable than developed countries,...
Existing infrastructure would aid in the timely conversion of the resource into production, but could also lead to competition with other natural gas supply sources. For an individual country the situation could be more complex. The predominant shale gas resources are found in countries (listed ...
(https://www.greenclimate.fund/countries/south-africa). The GCF is part-implementation of the Paris Agreement in the context that “Developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of their ...
Additionally, clinicians can intervene in broader (spectra) or narrower (symptoms) levels of HiTOP depending on the patient’s needs. Interventions on spectra allow the treatment of comorbidities by focusing on common aspects of different disorders through transdiagnostic interventions [21]. Alternatively...
Water rating systems can be based on meters but meters bring other problems. Control of demand can occur with metering or water saving strategies. The costs of building water supply systems vary depending on the availability of water resources. A cost-conscious approach is to provide yard taps ...
There may be more emphasis on one or the other, depending on the decision context, however, neither should be wholly excluded. Climate resilient development pathways should engage with adaptation and mitigation synergies and trade-offs across sectors, scales and peoples (cf. Leal Filho et al., ...
Conversely, the coarser a model, the greater the extent to which it will over-estimate distribution (Marshall, 2011), and depending on the size of the ecosystems/features that are targeted, may not be useful from a management perspective. Therefore, when building models for transfer in the ...
even these countries, in earlier phases of their development, faced institutional voids that resulted in market failure. However, because most modern business research in general, and marketing research in particular, has been conducted in the developed economies of North America and Western Europe, ...